differentiate between ethnocentrism and xenocentrism with examples

c. country music; pop music Why It Matters: Social Movements, Media, and Technology, 225. a. ethnocentricity The term ethnocentrism passed from social science theory into common English usage during the twentieth century. But as they experience unanticipated differences from their own culture, their excitement gives way to discomfort and doubts about how to behave appropriately in the new situation. Reading: Theoretical Perspectives on Social Stratification, 102. Ethnocentrism involves looking at another culture from the perspective of ones own culture while cultural relativism involves looking at a foreign culture by its own perspective instead of ones own culture. The different results from other cultures were presented as abnormal and in need of explanation rather than considering that the differences are due to cultural differences in how children are raised. The prejudice created by it creates conflict and tension among many groups. Xenocentrism (the opposite of ethnocentrism) is a sociological concept that means love, liking, or preference for another culture. https://pediaa.com/what-is-the-difference-between-ethnocentrism-and-cultural-relativism/#:~:text=and%20Cultural%20Relativism-,Definition,using%20standards%20of%20another%20culture. Putting It Together: Gender, Sex, and Sexuality, 137. Ethnocentrism as a form of intuition in psychology. Theory & Psychology 13.5 (2003): 673-694. Cultural bias in psychology is when research is conducted in one culture, and the findings are generalized to other cultures or are accepted as universally applicable. ; cultural relativism: Cultural relativism is a principle that was established as axiomatic in anthropological research by Franz Boas in the first few decades of the twentieth century, and later popularized by his students.Boas first articulated the idea in 1887: "civilization . Xenocentrism is not a well read cultural counter proposition to ethnocentrism in anthropology. Cross-cultural psychology is a branch of psychology examining how cultural factors influence human behavior. Ainsworths research is culturally biased since standards were set regarding what securely attached means based on an American-only sample. Believing that ones own culture is correct can spread misinformation about other cultures, leading to negative consequences. (2000). d. Ethnocentrism, The Occupy Wall Street movement of 2011 grew to be an international movement. A sociologist who studies that movement by examining the interactions between members at Occupy camps would most likely use what theoretical approach? Ethnicity, which relates to culturally contingent features, characterizes all human groups. It creates tight boundaries among various social groups. 1. We may often look at another culture if we perceive that it entails something that is missing in our own culture. c. Conflict theory Perhaps the Chicago traveler was initially captivated with Montanas quiet beauty and the Chinese student was originally excited to see a U.S.-style classroom firsthand. An example of this is when the United States Army used IQ tests on individuals before World War I, which was biased towards white American ideas of intelligence. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Outcome: The Sociological Imagination, 11. Music and laughter are examples of: a. relativism b. ethnocentrism c. xenocentrism d. universalism D. universalism A nation's flag is: a. The terms _________________ and ______________ are often used interchangeably, but have nuances that differentiate them. This may also involve looking at all or most things as issues of identity where other explanations may be more accurate. European colonizers often viewed the people in the lands they colonized as uncultured savages who were in need of European governance, dress, religion, and other cultural practices. Reading: Socialization Across the Life Course, 68. What is the Difference between ethnocentrism and xenocentrism? Reading: Theoretical Perspectives of Race and Ethnicity, 111. A more modern example of cultural imperialism may include the work of international aid agencies who introduce agricultural methods and plant species from developed countries while overlooking indigenous varieties and agricultural approaches that are better suited to the particular region. While the American ideal standard for attachment is secure attachment, many Japanese infants displayed behaviors that would be considered insecure-resistant attachment whilst many of the German infants displayed what would be considered insecure-avoidant attachment.. Reading: Symbolic Interactionist Theory, 20. a. Sociobiology Furthermore, it is the belief that other cultures are no better or worse than ones own but are equally valid despite their differences. This perception of ones culture in comparison to others plays a great role in how we perceive the individuals around us and the groups that we are a part of. Understand the difference between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Do you feel that feelings of ethnocentricity or xenocentricity are more prevalent in U.S. culture? Reading: Types and Stages of Social Movements, 229. Despite how much humans have in common, cultural differences are far more prevalent than cultural universals. In psychology, ethnocentric behavior can occur when a researcher conducts a study in a particular culture and then states in their findings that their results can be generalized to all cultures. The notion that people cannot feel or experience something that they do not have a word for can be explained by: Cultural sanctions can also be viewed as ways that society: An example of high culture is ___________, whereas an example of popular culture would be ____________. Likewise, most cultures recognize music in some form. Cultural relativism, on the other hand, is the concept that cultural norms and values of people have to be understood with their own cultural context. This is based on the concept that no culture is better or superior to another. Ethnorelativism is the ability to see values and behaviors as cultural rather than universal. While extreme ethnocentrism may take the same offensive form and may have the same dire consequences as extreme racism, there are significant differences between the two concepts. Reading: Types of Formal Organizations, 70. Outcome: Types of Formal Organizations, 69. Hasa. b. medical marijuana; film noir Reading: Theoretical Perspectives on Culture, 48. Laughter is an examples of: relativism ethnocentrism xenocentrism universalism 3.2 Elements of Culture 7. Music and laughter are examples of: [reveal-answer q=72875]Show Answer[/reveal-answer], Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Someone from a country where dog meat is standard fare might find it off-putting to see a dog in a French restaurantnot on the menu, but as a pet and patrons companion. Theory & psychology, 18(5), 563-589. Thus there is a greater sense of knowledge of others culture which drives one to view it as superior and aspire for it. Explain each perspective, give an example of each, and discuss any flaws that each perspective might have. This may mean there should be less cultural bias now since researchers from other cultures being able to talk can help grow understanding and acceptance of differences. Such attitudes are an example of ethnocentrism, or evaluating and judging another culture based on how it compares to one's own cultural norms. Outcome: Media and Technology in Society, 238. The parenting styles and behavior of their infants in cultures outside of America being seen as abnormal because it doesnt fit the American norms is what relates cultural bias to ethnocentrism. For example, a Westerner might find East Asians habit of eating with chopsticks a silly practice. Reading: Introduction to Race and Ethnicity, 107. However, psychology still has a long way to go to be truly representative of all cultures. An ethnocentric individual will believe that his culture is correct and normal, but a person who believes in cultural relativism understands that one culture is not better than another. National pride is also part of ethnocentrism. TV shows featuring people out of their element, such as Wife Swap, have become incredibly popular because Americans see their particular lifestyles as natural and right. While ethnocentrism means someone may judge other cultures based on the standards of their own cultures, cultural relativism is the notion that a culture should be understood on its own terms, without judgment against the criteria of another culture. Moreover, this concept was introduced by Franz Boas and popularized by his students although they did not use the term cultural relativism. Reading: Theoretical Perspectives on Social Movements, 231. Include three examples. Relationships the differences in family, romantic relationships, and friendships that are influenced by culture. d. xenocentrism A. culture shock Most cultures have been found to identify laughter as a sign of humor, joy, or pleasure. Intelligence tests that are designed by Western researchers reflect the idea of what the West considers as being intelligent. Reading: Conflict Theory and Deviance, 78. A high level of appreciation for one's own culture can be healthy; a shared sense of community pride, for example, connects people in a society. Marias family sat at the table for hours, speaking loudly, gesturing, and arguing about politics, a taboo dinner subject in Caitlins house. Drever, 1952). Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism. While its natural to appreciate ones own culture, seeing other cultures as inferior or savage can lead to hatred and aggression, causing violence and conflicts. They help people know when to shake hands, where to sit, how to converse, and even when to laugh. mail to respond point by point, but she has never e-mailed a response back. Cross-cultural psychology can explore many topics, such as: Child development whether unique cultural practices influence development. Essentially, xenocentrism is the opposite of ethnocentrism. Reading: Introduction to Theoretical Perspectives, 15. Eventually, as people learn more about a culture, they recover from culture shock. Why It Matters: Socialization and Interaction, 55. Reading: Poverty in the United States, 212. c. Conflict theory It's the difference between the in-group favoritism and the out-group derogation. For in-group favoritism, it's simply a matter of how we feel about our own group (we favor them). Ethnocentrism noun belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group. Why It Matters: Work and the Economy, 202. b. innovation Her areas of interests include literature, language, linguistics and also food. Youll have more success on the Self-Check, if youve completed the three Readings in this section. What theoretical approach is the sociologist using? By understanding what could have been cultural bias, researchers have increased their understanding of the impact of culture, cultural differences, and culture-specific behaviors. Key Terms. Reading: Functionalist Theory on Education, 158. Hello everyone, While sitting on the lunch table, plastics explain Cady how she will be able to fit into their group. The process of globalization has made it possible for us to know about the other cultures that exist around the world and further get in touch with the global markets, this gives us access to the various products, styles, and lifestyles of the cultures outside our own. It does not mean that German mothers are more insensitive or that Japanese mothers are too clingy to their children just because their infants react differently to American children. Ethnocentrism is a term applied to the cultural or ethnic biaswhether conscious or unconsciousin which an individual views the world from the perspective of his or her own group, establishing the in-group as archetypal and rating all other groups with reference to this ideal. For example, while all cultures have language, analysis of particular language structures and conversational etiquette reveal tremendous differences. She has previously worked in healthcare and educational sectors. d. Afrocentricity, Modern-day hipsters are an example of: Hum. What issues or events might inform this? In sociology, we call thisculture shock. Sponsored by Grammarly One example is the romanticization of the noble savage in the 18th-century primitivism movement in European art, philosophy and ethnography. Living with this constant stress can make people feel incompetent and insecure. Originally from Indiana, Barger hesitated when invited to join a local snowshoe race. Most cultures have been found to identify laughter as a sign of humor, joy, or pleasure. In other words, considering other cultures better and superior to one's own culture is xenocentrism. However, Western cultures may have a different idea of what qualifies as intelligence compared to other cultures. From this, they can develop research procedures and interpret the findings with that culture in mind. Why It Matters: Sociological Foundations, 10. For example, while all cultures have language, analysis of particular language structures and conversational etiquette reveal tremendous differences. Since their differences are exaggerated, the cultural norms and values of the researchers are considered superior to other cultures. Xenocentrism is the preference for the cultural practices of other cultures and societies, such as how they live and what they eat, rather than of one's own social way of life. Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency to view one's own culture as the best or most superior and to judge other cultures based on the values and norms of one's own. Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism are two ways in which we assess a culture that is not our own. Discovery involves finding something that already exists, but invention puts things together in a new way, That McDonald's is found in almost every country around the world is an example of: Everyone has this anchoring bias deep down inside them, so the trick is to identify it and try to avoid it. a. Likewise, most cultures recognize music in some form. Reading: Conflict Perspective on Media and Technology, 242. Ethnocentrism noun The tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one's own traditional, deferred, or adoptive ethnic culture. Outcome: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, 128. In January 2011, a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America presented evidence indicating that the hormone oxytocin could regulate and manage instances of ethnocentrism. They are able to have contact with people from all across the globe as well as being able to hold talks and conferences where researchers from different cultures can meet to discuss ideas. A good example of ethnocentrism is referring to parts of Asia as the Far East. One might question, Far east of where?. If I am not wrong many believe it is cultural relativism which is a more suitable reply to ethnocentrism. Ethnocentric people compare their culture to others on such elements as religion, behavior, language, customs, and norms. And it was nothing like that of her classmate Sanai. Ethnocentrism means The tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of ones own traditional, deferred, or adoptive ethnic culture, while Xenocentrism means apreference for the products, styles, or ideas of a different culture. a. globalization Outcome: Theories of Racial Inequality, 110. Differences between Ethnocentrism and Xenocentrism are easy to comprehend. Reading: Ethnocentrism and Xenocentricism, 39. In research, cultural relativism is the ideology that what may be observable in research may only make sense from the perspective of the observed culture and cannot be applied to different cultures. This can lead to ethnocentrism if those outside of the West score significantly lower on intelligence scores, leading to the West having the misconception that non-western countries are less intelligent. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Teo, Thomas, and Angela R. Febbraro. According to Smithsonian Institution research, humans have been forming groups for almost 3 million years in order to survive. a. cultural lag 4 month durations over the past 7 years in Mexico. c. subculture While it is not necessarily bad to believe your culture is good or to be patriotic, ethnocentrism is the belief that your culture is superior, which comes with downfalls. However, in other cultures, motor skills are less relevant to intelligent behaviors, and the culture instead values vast knowledge on a range of topics, such as intelligence instead.

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