rate of infection synonym

phylogenetic tree a branching chart that indicates the evolutionary lineage or genetic relatedness of organisms. if this or if that is the case; if this or if that continues. Often referred to as a skewed distribution; the mean, median, and mode of an asymmetrical distribution are not the same. A 2003 analysis in the Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes calculated that more than $18 billion in medical costs could have been saved by the year 2010 had the CDC invested just $383 million more in prevention programming per year from 2000 to 2005, an amount that theoretically could have cut the annual HIV, About 70 percent of the country's people are Catholic; Burundi has an HIV, Each of the 1,000 simulations at the given, Adult HIV prevalence in Swaziland is above 40 percent, and Malawi is struggling with a 14 percent, At almost 39 percent, Swaziland's adult HIV, The project was established in 2001 in response to the growing HIV, We will continue to look for ways to lower the, In an article published in the February 2003 issue of Conservation Biology, he and his team found that important Northeastern tick host species such as white-footed mice fared better when forest tracts were smaller than five acres, and that the, Using a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences approach, they examined whether states with higher exposure to the reformulated OxyContin had faster growth of HCV, Similarly, a recent comparative study suggested that chlorhexidine appeared superior to povidone-iodine, as the latter tripled the. https://www.freethesaurus.com/infection+rate. Tea-flavored ice cream doesn't rate highly in my book. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. noun an act or fact of infecting; state of being infected. scale, nominal a measurement scale consisting of qualitative categories whose values have no inherent statistical order or rank (e.g., categories of race/ethnicity, religion, or country of birth). {\displaystyle \lambda } natural history of disease the progression of a disease process in a person from the time it begins to the time it resolves, in the absence of treatment. The study is created by eHealthMe and uses data from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). URI: abbreviation for upper respiratory infection. infection rates. 2. a certain amount of one thing considered in relation to a unit of another thing: at the rate of 60 miles an hour. record in a line listing, each row is a record or observation. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. Performs all aspects of patient care in an environment that optimizes patient safety and reduces the likelihood of medical/healthcare errors. Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary. EIS Epidemic Intelligence Service; CDCs 2-year training program in applied epidemiology for public health professionals (/eis). study, retrospective an analytic study in which participants are enrolled after the health outcome of interest has occurred. person-time the amount of time each participant in a cohort study is observed and disease-free, often summed to provide the denominator for a person-time rate. effectiveness the ability of an intervention or program to produce the intended or expected results in the field. race/ethnic-specific mortality rate see mortality rate, race/ethnic-specific. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. Non-sterile gloves are just as effective as sterile gloves in preventing surgical site infection after minor skin surgeries, Detection of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Anopheles stephensi in Punjab, Pakistan, A prospective study to assess risk factors for surgical site infections in a tertiary care center, infantile, generalized GM1 gangliosidosis, Infection Management & Environmental Plan, Infection Prevention & Control Department, Infection Surveillance and Control Program, Infections with a predominantly sexual mode of transmission. Hospital-acquired infections, also known as healthcare-associated infections (HAI), are nosocomially acquired infections that are typically not present or might be incubating at the time of admission. analytic epidemiology see epidemiology, analytic. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. dose-response association between an exposure and health outcome that varies in a consistently increasing or decreasing fashion as the amount of exposure (dose) increases. Learn a new word every day. point-source outbreak see outbreak, point-source. Using the term to describe the person rather than the health condition is discouraged (see also case-patient). standard deviation a statistical summary of how dispersed the values of a variable are around its mean, calculated as the square root of the variance. host factor an intrinsic factor (e.g., age, race/ethnicity, sex, or behaviors) that influences a persons exposure, susceptibility, or response to an agent. is the average time spent in the susceptible group before becoming infected. To save this word, you'll need to log in. comparison group a group in an analytic study (e.g., a cohort or case-control study) with whom the primary group of interest (exposed group in a cohort study or case-patients in a case-control study) is compared. survival curve a line graph that begins with 100% of the study population and displays the percentage of the population still surviving at successive points in time. It is used to measure the frequency of The y-axis, measuring frequency, uses a logarithmic scale. Populations are followed, and disease, death, or other health-related outcomes are documented and compared. variable, continuous a variable that has the potential for having an infinite number of values along a continuum (e.g., height and weight). inflection, injection, infectious, infect. Columns are drawn so that their bases equal the class intervals (i.e., so that columns of adjacent intervals touch), and their heights correspond to the class frequencies. incidence of disease. mortality rate, age-specific a mortality rate limited to a particular age group, calculated as the number of deaths among the age group divided by the number of persons in that age group, usually expressed per 100,000. mortality rate, cause-specific the mortality rate from a specified cause, calculated as the number of deaths attributed to a specific cause during a specified time interval among a population divided by the size of the midinterval population. It did not take long, however, before the infection leaked out and copies of the worm began spreading all over the Internet, infecting 130,000 computers worldwide. efficacy the ability of an intervention or program to produce the intended or expected results under ideal conditions. CDC twenty four seven. percentile a set of cut points used to divide a distribution or a set of ranked data into 100 parts of equal area with each interval between the points containing 1/100 or 1% of the observations. graph a visual display of quantitative data arranged on a system of coordinates. exposed group a group whose members have had contact with a suspected cause of, or possess a characteristic that is a suspected determinant of, a particular health problem. / A carrier can be asymptomatic (never indicate signs of the disease) or can display signs of the disease only during the incubation period, convalescence, or postconvalescence. The graphic states that new HIV infections fell 8% from 2015 to 2019, after a period of general stability. 2023 Reverso-Softissimo. However, This is true regardless of whether they have shown symptoms of COVID-19 or not. Wer auf der Strae oder in ffentlichen Gebuden ohne Mund-Nasen-Schutz erwischt wurde, musste mit . evaluation systematic and objective examination of activities to determine their relevance, effectiveness, and impact. ) is the rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease. demographic information personal characteristics of a person or group (e.g., age, sex, race/ethnicity, residence, and occupation) demographic information is used in descriptive epidemiology to characterize patients or populations. an abnormal state caused by contact with harmful organisms (such as bacteria or viruses), Post more words for infection to Facebook, Share more words for infection on Twitter. We take your privacy seriously. life expectancy a statistical projection of the average number of years a person of a given age is expected to live, if current mortality rates continue to apply. Organizationally, NCHS is a component of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, one of the agencies of the US Department of Health and Human Services. Q. I was wondering the rate at which alcohol induces brain damage. Many of the mechanisms of resistance have been caused by the inappropriate prescription of antibiotics to treat illnesses such as the cold or flu or the over-prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics. A white blood cell (WBC) count measures the number of white blood cells in a sample of blood. portal of entry a pathway into the host that gives an agent access to tissue that will allow it to multiply or act. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. privacy rule a set of regulations based on the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act to protect the privacy of individually identifiable health information. suggest new. pie chart a circular graph of a frequency distribution in which each segment of the pie is proportional in size to the frequency of corresponding category. predictive value positive the proportion of cases identified by a test, reported by a surveillance system, or classified by a case definition that are true cases, calculated as the number of true-positives divided by the number of true-positives plus false-positives. arbovirus any of a group of viruses that are transmitted between hosts by mosquitoes, ticks, and other arthropods. period prevalence see prevalence, period. chain of infection the progression of an infectious agent that leaves its reservoir or host through a portal of exit, is conveyed by a mode of transmission, and then enters through an appropriate portal of entry to infect a susceptible host. Our aims were to increase (1) pneumococcal conjugate vaccine . crude mortality rate see mortality rate, crude. Test your knowledge - and maybe learn something along the way. transmission, airborne transfer of an agent suspended in the air, considered a type of indirect transmission. mode the most frequently occurring value in a set of observations (see also measure of central location). Blood to which an anticoagulant has been added is placed in a long, narrow tube, and the distance the red cells fall in 1 hr is the ESR. Solve Now. table shell a table that is completely drawn and labeled but contains no data. (since rate is 1/time). The term was first used by Edward Tufte in his book, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information (1983). Q. false-negative a negative test result for a person who actually has the condition similarly, a person who has the disease (perhaps mild or variant) but who does not fit the case definition, or a patient or outbreak not detected by a surveillance system. Case-control studies are inherently retrospective. age-specific mortality rate see mortality rate, age-specific. mode of transmission the manner in which an agent is transmitted from its reservoir to a susceptible host (see also transmission). You want to reject this entry: please give us your comments (bad translation/definition, duplicate entries), English Portuguese translation in context, Free: Learn English, French and other languages, Reverso Documents: translate your documents online, Learn English watching your favourite videos. proportion, attributable a measure of the impact of a causative factor on the public health; the proportion of a health state or event among exposed persons that can be attributed to the exposure also called attributable risk percent. Find out what connects these two synonyms. The rate of occurrence of positive test results in those who do not have the attribute or disease for which they are being tested. Retinopathy. COVID-19 infections are still rising in 72 countries. Synonym: In assisted reproduction technology, the number of newborn deliveries achieved in every one hundred follicular aspirations, embryo transfers, or stimulated cycles. Cat Infections That Can Spread to Humans Ringworm Salmonella: Typhoid Kitty? The metabolic rate as measured 12 hr after eating, after a restful sleep, with no exercise or activity preceding testing, with elimination of emotional excitement, and at a comfortable temperature. postneonatal mortality rate see mortality rate, postneonatal. can be calculated for an infectious disease in an endemic state if homogeneous mixing of the population and a rectangular population distribution (such as that generally found in developed countries), rather than a pyramid, is assumed. A. active immunity see immunity, active.. active surveillance see surveillance, active.. age-adjusted mortality rate see mortality rate, age-adjusted.. agent a factor (e.g., a microorganism or chemical substance) or form of energy whose presence, excessive presence, or in the case of deficiency diseases, relative absence is essential for the occurrence of a disease or other adverse health outcome. bar chart, 100% component a stacked bar chart in which all bars or columns are the same length, and the measured axis represents 0%100%. rate [ rt] the speed or frequency with which an event or circumstance occurs per unit of time, population, or other standard of comparison. 1 sentinel surveillance see surveillance, sentinel. Search infection rate and thousands of other words in English definition and synonym dictionary from Reverso. hypothesis a supposition, arrived at from observation or reflection, that leads to refutable predictions; any conjecture cast in a form that will allow it to be tested and refuted. Manages autoclave and cleaning instruments for Dermatology. line graph, semilogarithmic-scale a graph that displays patterns or trends by plotting the frequency (e.g., number, proportion, or rate) of a characteristic or event during some variable, usually time. The number of heartbeats per unit of time that can be detected by palpating any accessible artery. dependent variable see variable, dependent. mortality rate, crude a mortality rate from all causes of death for an entire population, without adjustment. Many conditions, including infections, medications, inflammatory diseases, and blood or bone marrow disorders, can cause an abnormal WBC count. The investigator specifies the type of exposure for each study participant and then follows each persons health status to determine the effects of the exposure. We were delighted, or at any rate satisfied, with the results. Herd immunity is based on having a substantial number of immune persons, thereby reducing the likelihood that an infected person will come in contact with a susceptible one among human populations, also called community immunity. is the average age of infection. sample, random a sample of persons chosen in such a way that each one has the same (and known) probability of being selected. epidemiology, field applied epidemiology (i.e., the application or practice of epidemiology to control and prevent health problems), particularly when the epidemiologist(s) must travel to and work in the community in which the health problem is occurring or has occurred. He doesn't rate very highly as a dramatist in my estimation. epidemiology, applied the application or practice of epidemiology to control and prevent health problems. descriptive epidemiology see epidemiology, descriptive. contagious capable of being transmitted from one person to another by contact or close proximity. Demonstrates appropriate hand washing techniques to ensure proper infection control and follows universal precautions. mortality rate, postneonatal the mortality rate for children from age 28 days up to, but not including, 1 year. The rate at which an individual, tissue, or organ grows over time. Some types of HPV infection cause warts, and some can cause different types of cancer. Infection control and hospital epidemiology are akin to public health practice, practiced within the confines of a particular health-care delivery system rather than directed at society as a whole.Infection control addresses factors related to the spread of infections within the healthcare setting, whether among patients, from patients to staff, PPE PPE Stands for personal protective equipment. the webmaster's page for free fun content, Fixing HIV spending: leading AIDS advocates agree that a doubling of federal funding could make a dramatic difference in the fight against the disease, though they diverge when asked how they would allocate the additional money, Simulated anthrax attacks and syndromic surveillance, In Africa, a town unravels: AIDS is rapidly stealing the life from a village in Swaziland, Infectious disease: the human costs of our environmental errors, Rise in HCV infection rates linked to OxyContin reformulation, Can pin-site infection be prevented? 3. a fixed charge per unit of quantity: a rate of 10 cents a pound. endemic the constant presence of an agent or health condition within a given geographic area or population; can also refer to the usual prevalence of an agent or condition. Vad r kursen fr att vxla till ? confidence limits the end points (i.e., the minimum and maximum values) of a confidence. is directly proportional to denominator the lower portion of a fraction; used in calculating a ratio, proportion, or rate. measure of central location a central value that best represents a distribution of data. Synonyms for Infection Rates (other words and phrases for Infection Rates). rated the film PG13; rated the bonds at junk level. logarithmic transformation conversion of nominal or ordinal data to logarithmic data. notifiable disease a disease that, by law, must be reported to public health authorities upon diagnosis. outbreak, point-source a common source outbreak in which the exposure period is relatively brief so that all cases occur within one incubation period. vehicle an inanimate object that can carry an agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host (e.g., food, water, blood products, and bedding) (see also transmission, indirect). All rights reserved. numerator the upper portion of a fraction (see also denominator). Among countries with both high vaccination rates and high rates of Covid-19 infection, most rely on vaccines made in China, a CNBC analysis shows. Measures of spread used in epidemiology include the interquartile range, variance, and the standard deviation. rate an expression of the relative frequency with which an event occurs among a defined population per unit of time, calculated as the number of new cases or deaths during a specified period divided by either person-time or the average (midinterval) population. 2023. It is usually expressed in terms of kilocalories per square meter of body surface per hour. The roles of different age groups in propagating Omicron epidemics in the whole . Statistical significance is based on an estimate of the probability of the observed or a greater degree of association between independent and dependent variables occurring under the null hypothesis (see also P value). Die Behrden in Hongkong hatten die Maskenpflicht whrend der Pandemie strikt durchgesetzt. The number of cases per year of certain diseases in relation to the size of the population in which they occur. The number of fetal deaths per 1000 live births, usually per year. According to Word Health Organization (WHO) data, infant mortality caused by Succedaneum Caput infection decreased by 0.05% from 4 million infants who died at 30 days (advanced neonatal). {\displaystyle \lambda } case, index the first case or instance of a patient coming to the attention of health authorities. This television programme has had some very bad ratings recently. The class intervals of the variable are grouped on a linear scale on the horizontal axis, and the class frequencies are grouped on the vertical axis. Of the multiple ways to define central tendency, the most common are the mean, median, and mode. infection invasion of the body tissues of a host by an infectious agent, whether or not it causes disease. mortality rate, neonatal the mortality rate for children from age birth up to, but not including, 28 days. people that rate special treatment; an idea that rates attention. Surgical site infection rate in India has varies from 2.5% to 41.9%. mortality rate, sex-specific a mortality rate among either males or females. P value the probability of observing an association between two variables or a difference between two or more groups as large or larger than that observed, if the null hypothesis were true. This value is usually expressed as deaths per 100,000 live births. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. This is usually measured at a time when the subject is completely at rest and in a fasting state. chartjunk unnecessary or confusing visual elements in charts, illustrations, or graphs. The rate at which electromagnetic energy is absorbed by a kilogram of tissue, usually expressed as the heat absorbed by the tissue, or as the power absorbed per unit of mass. frequency distribution a complete summary of the frequencies of the values or categories of a variable, often displayed in a two-column table with the individual values or categories in the left column and the number of observations in each category in the right column. Analytic epidemiology uses comparison groups to provide baseline or expected values so that associations between exposures and outcomes can be quantified and hypotheses about the cause of the problem can be tested (see also study, analytic). the speed or frequency with which an event or circumstance occurs per unit of time, population, or other standard of comparison. rated the movie excellent; rated him a fine cook. (-0001). Synonym: The number of deaths in 1 year of infants aged 0 to 28 days divided by the number of live births in that same year. variable any characteristic or attribute that can be measured and can have different values. line listing a type of epidemiologic database, organized similar to a spreadsheet with rows and columns in which information from cases or patients are listed each column represents a variable, and each row represents an individual case or patient. See: The average airflow during the middle half of a forced vital capacity effort. Data Tracker Home Cases, Deaths, & Testing Case & Death Demographic Trends Vaccination Distribution & Coverage Vaccine Effectiveness & Breakthrough Surveillance Health Equity Pediatric Pregnancy People at Increased Risk Wastewater Surveillance Health Care Settings Social Impact & Prevention Variants & Genomic Surveillance Antibody Seroprevalence Post-COVID Conditions Traveler-Based Genomic . Synonym: The average range of beats per minute recorded within a 10-min time frame. The postneonatal mortality rate is usually expressed per 1,000 live births. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. excess risk risk difference, calculated as the risk among the exposed group minus the risk among the unexposed group. mechanical transmission see transmission, mechanical.

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