content theories include all of the following theories except:

Both equity theory and expectancy theory are classified as process theories. e) ERG, 68. To form and further an erotic relationship. They have very strong desires for feedback about how well they are doing. To get free, shake off restraint, break out of confinement. b) It should be consistent across different cultures. a) pay The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo b) valence Which one of the following statements about the application and/or implications of equity theory is false? A disaster may be caused by nature or have human origins c. A disaster always receives widespread media coverage. Which of the following is true of the use of Maslow's needs hierarchy? Then find the difference between the amount of savings interest and certificate of deposit interest. In a management by objectives approach, the supervisor and subordinate jointly establish performance goals, individually act, and jointly evaluate results and recycle the MBO process. If motivator needs are ignored, neither long-term satisfaction nor high motivation is likely. See Page 1 Section Reference: Types of Motivation Theories Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. Alderfers model is potentially more useful than Maslows in that it doesnt create false motivational categories. b. e) Growth, According to ERG, ____________ needs reflect a desire for continued personal development. a) existence factors e) Less difficult goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are more difficult goals. b) instrumentalities Other needs take over and we endeavor to satisfy them. d. goal-setting theory. Motivator factors involve our long-term need to pursue psychological growth (much like Maslows esteem and self-actualization needs). To defend the self against assault, criticism, and blame. d) Higher and lower-order needs become equally important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. c) Existence, relatedness, and growth With its purpose and goals defined, it can then educate the workforce on sustainable methods to create knowledge and competence. Term used to describe a therapy style in which the therapist remains relatively neutral and does not interpret or take direct actions with regard to the client, instead remaining a calm, nonjudgmental listener while the client talks. b) Hierarchy of needs theory e) Reinforcement. a) the length of time a person sticks with a given action Match each vocabulary term to its definition. Joanna likes attention and is driven by seeking influence over others. According to Maslow, when lower-level needs are reactivated, we once again concentrate on that need. b. integrative. Find the amount of interest that could be earned in a savings account and a certificate of deposit account. Designing jobs that are neither too challenging nor too boring is key to managing motivation. Why or why not? Refinements of Maslows theory in recent years reflect this more limited hierarchy.11 The self-assessment below will allow you to evaluate the strength of your five needs. https://www.employeebenefits.co.uk/issues/april-2017/rbs-boosts-employee-motivation-engagement-csr-approach/, Bombas. a) Distributive justice McClellands research is important because much of current thinking about organizational behavior is based on it. Easy Peasy All-in-One Homeschool is a free Christian homeschool curriculum for grades K-12. a. Ans: e Page: 102 reflection g. A therapy that uses secondary reinforcements to change behavior. But not all companies battle such low engagement rates. SDT specifies when an activity will be intrinsically motivating and when it will not. Which of the following reflects concerns with expectancy theory? This process was adopted and provided a safer and more efficient way to maintain and clean New York City's sprawling subway. To have sexual intercourse. One of your authors has a father-in-law who would much rather spend his weekends digging holes (for various home projects) than going fishing. c) Social, esteem, self-actualization, physiological, and safety e) Frederick Herzberg. a) Expectations, relationships, and goals Herzberg recommends using _________ to build motivators into job content. That means that the employer should help employees satisfy lower-order needs like safety and security and social needs. b) sense of achievement. The key difference between theories of learning and models of teaching is that theories describe a. explicit strategies. 1999-2023, Rice University. But most of us dont steal. For example, it is difficult for researchers to ascertain when interaction with others satisfies our need for acceptance and when it satisfies our need for recognition. a) expectancies d) understand individual employee needs and create work environments that respond to them. a) only one need may be activated at the same time But what if Lucretia also has a need to dominate others? e) Hygiene factors include working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary. then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. Organziational Behaviour, 7ce Chapter 4: Theories of Motivation Chapter 4 Theories of Motivation 4.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Motivation is A) a component of ability, personal traits and desire. Joanna likes attention and is driven by seeking influence over others. a) It is a content theory of motivation. But paying him more will not cause long-term satisfaction unless motivators are present. d) The theory links motivation and needs to both satisfaction and performance. Or she may not be in the proper environment to solicit behaviors to satisfy the need. 2016. How Companies Can Tap Sustainability to Motivate Staff. http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/how-companies-tap-sustainability-to-motivate-staff/, Mulvey, Kelsey. According to CB Bhattacharya, the Pietro Ferrero Chair in Sustainability at ESMT European School of Management and Technology in Berlin, Germany, employment engagement, or how positive employees feel about their current job, was at an all-time low globally in 2016: 13 percent. David C. McClelland and his associates (especially John W. Atkinson) built on the work of Murray for over 50 years. c) Hygiene factors do not prevent job dissatisfaction from occurring. Do you think most companies CSR programs are essentially PR gimmicks? e) Less difficult goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are more difficult goals. Watson's carative factors include all the following, EXCEPT: A. There are not enough workers who feel personal satisfaction for having the cleanest floors in a building. Herzberg argued that there are two sets of needs, instead of the five sets theorized by Maslow. Question 1 All of the following are criticisms of Freud's theory EXCEPT: Answers: Selected Answer: c. He relied on correlational methods. Think of this in terms of hobbies. Managers often assume that employees do not have certain needs because the employees never try to satisfy them at work. b) 25 a) Individualistic c. contingency. The possibilities are endless. In this case, Alderfers third component, frustration regression, can cause us to shift our attention to a previously satisfied, more concrete, and verifiable need. We are not born with a high (or low) need for achievementwe learn to need success (or failure). e) inducements. Webinars can also be accessed in recorded form at any time 24/7 during the 6-week session. d) People with a high need for achievement will also have a high need for affiliation. c. He relied on correlational methods. An example of commutative justice occurs when all parties in a sexual harassment complaint perceive themselves as having full access to all the available facts and information. c) affiliation e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. a) Acquired needs theory Question 17:- Managerial implications for the SDT theory include: a) to motivate high performance for uninteresting jobs make performance contingent on extrinsic rewards. e.) growth, The ERG theory contends that __________. Organizations have held this out as a chief motivator for decades!) b) organizational policies and administration. Exam will be online Sunday, May 14, 2023 In Maslow's needs hierarchy, __________ needs must be satisfied before __________ needs are activated, and __________ needs must be satisfied before __________ needs are activated, and so on. Needs must be maintained (we must continue to eat occasionally). VOID WHERE PROHIBITED. In the context of motivation, level refers to __________. individual. Extrinsic motivation increases as intrinsic motivation decreases! They build empires, and they protect them. To influence or direct the behavior of others by suggestion, seduction, persuasion, or command. e) The absence of motivator factors causes job dissatisfaction. To answer this question, we must examine types of motivation. c. mainly by accident. e) ERG theory, 65. Content theories explain work motivation in terms of what arouses, energizes, or initiates employee behavior. When extrinsic rewards are present, people do not feel like what they do builds competence, is self-determined, or enhances relationships with others. c) Higher-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. Job enrichment programs are among the many direct results of his research. e) relatedness factors. Which of the following is a limitation of Herzberg's two-factor theory? C. Cultivating sensitivity to self and others . The two main psychological developmental theories include continuous and discontinuous development. b) Motivator factors include a sense of achievement, recognition, and responsibility. Management by objectives is criticized for placing too much emphasis on goal-oriented rewards and punishments, top-down goals, goals that are easily stated in objective terms, and individual instead of group goals. Two features of needs are key to understanding motivation. Instincts are our natural, fundamental needs, basic to our survival. They like situations where the probability of success is moderate. Four componentssatisfaction progression, frustration, frustration regression, and aspirationare key to understanding Alderfers ERG theory. A high-nPow person may try to convince others to do things that are detrimental to the organization. b) Instrumentality These precepts from SDT are entirely consistent with earlier discussions of theories by McClelland, Maslow, Alderfer, and Herzberg. Skills-based math and English classes help develop reasoning skills, while textbook exercises ensure long-term mastery of each. a) 23 Job content is what we actually do when we perform our job duties. Relatively high pay is necessary to sustain performance on certain low-skill jobs. When we sense that we are valuable contributors, are achieving something important, or are getting better at some skill, we like this feeling and strive to maintain it. When theyre present in sufficient quantities, we avoid dissatisfaction, but they do not contribute to satisfaction. c) Two-factor theory Process theories of motivation focus on which of the following? Effective managers carefully assess the degree to which people have high or low nAff. c) Expectancy In expectancy theory, instrumentality is the probability that work effort will be followed by a given level of performance accomplishment. The group-level approach is generally superior to the individual-level approach in assessing leader effectiveness. d) specific goals lead to lower performance [3] [page needed] Stage theories [ edit] c.) An individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives. To take precautionary measures. __________ is classified as a process theory. d) Goal setting Workers also took the opportunity to clean lighting fixtures, change bulbs, and repair platform edges while performing high-intensity station cleaning. As shown in Exhibit 14.7, the ERG model addresses the same needs as those identified in Maslows work: Exhibit 14.8 identifies a number of ways in which organizations can help their members satisfy these three needs. d.) Goal setting [2] In addition to individual differences in development, developmental psychologists generally agree that development occurs in an orderly way and in different areas simultaneously. Again, there are no easy answers. c) Cells share similar chemical composition. But he also believes that each need can be taught, especially nAch. 59. During the process of refining and extending Maslows theory, Alderfer provided another need-based theory and a somewhat more useful perspective on motivation.12 Alderfers ERG theory compresses Maslows five need categories into three: existence, relatedness, and growth.13 In addition, ERG theory details the dynamics of an individuals movement between the need categories in a somewhat more detailed fashion than typically characterizes interpretations of Maslows work. b) Equity c) reinforcers b) improved working conditions c) Relatedness Question 16:- All of the following are content theories except: a) operant conditioning b) SDT theory c) ERG theory d) Motivator/Hygiene theory . Content theories of work motivation include all of the following except the _____ theory. Pump I is a small pump; Pump 2 is a larger pump that costs more, will produce slightly more oil, and will produce it more rapidly. See Answer. e) assumed negative inequity, According to equity theory, which of the following exists when an individual feels that he or she has received relatively more than others have received? c) Self-actualization You can think of content theories of motivation as focusing on WHAT will motivate us. c) People who feel they are overpaid tend to decrease the quantity or quality of their work, whereas people who feel they are underpaid tend to increase the quantity or quality of their work. a) The multiplier effect is still in question. Management by objectives is criticized for placing too much emphasis on all of the following EXECPT: b) only two needs may be activated at the same time ______ needs tend to take on higher importance in collectivist societies. Solve the application problem involving cash and trade discounts. Exhibit 14.6 illustrates Maslows proposed hierarchy of needs. a) Positive inequity Other people have lower affiliation needs. To attack, injure, or kill another. When a person is behaving in a way that satisfies some need, Murray called the need manifest. A manifest need is whatever need is motivating us at a given time. They include such needs as the need for achievement, for love, and for affiliation (see Table 14.1).4. Maslow's social needs tend to be more important in more collectivist societies like Mexico, thereby challenging the structured approach to the pyramid across cultures. a) Expectations, relationships, and goals That is, we are motivated by intrinsic rewards, rewards that we more or less give ourselves. e) The theory fails and does not clearly categorize salary. d) power Equity McClellands other power seeker is the social power seeker. b) safety. Satisfaction and dissatisfaction are on different scales in his view. c) achievement. A near-death experience (NDE) is a profound personal experience associated with death or impending death which researchers claim share similar characteristics.When positive, such experiences may encompass a variety of sensations including detachment from the body, feelings of levitation, total serenity, security, warmth, the experience of absolute dissolution, and the presence of a light. a) work itself. d) 28 Theory choice. d) It holds that people try to resolve the inequities they perceive they are experiencing. In the two-factor theory of motivation, __________ are associated with the job context, such as working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary. In the context of motivation, persistence refers to __________. and more. Why might concentrating on motivators give better results? According to Maslow, lower-level needs must be satisfied before high-level needs can be achieved. A disaster may be domestic or international b. e) feeling of personal growth. a) achievement Which of the following is the correct order of Maslow's needs from the lowest (lower-order need) to the highest (higher-order need)? Process theories of motivation focus on which of the following? abeka curriculum controversy. c) Higher-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. d) power Such needs may exist (latent needs); the work environment is simply not conducive to their manifestation (manifest needs). e.) Inducement. Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe motivator factors in the two-factor theory? For example, some people steal to satisfy their lower-order needs (they have high intensity). To exclude, abandon, expel, or remain indifferent to an inferior object. Considerable numbers of studies have demonstrated that tasks are intrinsically motivating when they satisfy at least one of three higher-order needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. Why or why not? Drugs that lower anxiety and reduce stress. The major implication for management is that some employee needs are latent. d. through the insights of clinicians d Transpersonal psychology's founders include all of the following except: a. Abraham Maslow b. John Krumboltz c. Stanislav Grof. Manny is classified as driven by a need for: They want to know whether they have achieved or not. Accounting and Finance Political Theory (PLH-1) Criminal Law - II (0303) Masters of Business Administration export import (1723) Bsc Nursing (BNurs2011) Bachelors of Business Administration in Finance & Investment Analysis (BBA1) MBA (33A) Contract (140) MBA (CRIM) Bachler of art (eli) English (BCA302) Mechanical Engineering (BE MECH) Trending the different needs that an individual is trying to satisfy. Definition. eclectic therapies d. Therapy in which the main goal is to change disordered or inappropriate behavior directly. Successful managers tend to be high in this type of nPow. c) the satisfaction of a need at one level will always decrease its importance and increase the importance of the next lower need. a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. a) The multiplier effect is still in question. e) relatedness. content theories include all of the following theories except: gaisano grand mall mission and visionjuin 29, 2022 There are four major ethical theories: deontology (or duty), utilitarianism, rights, and virtue. A common thread through all of them is that people have a variety of needs. Operant Conditioning Theory Operant conditioning theory is the simplest of the motivation theories. c. reorganizing experience. Many organizations manage the achievement needs of their employees poorly. c) People with a high need for affiliation like attention and recognition. Jobs that pay well and that are performed in safe, clean working conditions with adequate supervision and resources directly or indirectly satisfy these lower-order needs. Which of the following comparisons of Alderfer's ERG theory and Maslow's needs hierarchy is correct? Subsistence To praise, honor, or eulogize. A PURCHASE DOES NOT INCREASE YOUR CHANCES OF WINNING. Any discussion of needs that motivate performance would be incomplete without considering Abraham Maslow.8 Thousands of managers in the 1960s were exposed to Maslows theory through the popular writings of Douglas McGregor.9 Today, many of them still talk about employee motivation in terms of Maslows theory. All of the following are examples of stage theories in development except _____. To draw near and enjoyably cooperate or reciprocate with an allied other (another who resembles the subject or who likes the subject). b. through empirical analysis. Instead, they prefer situations where the outcome is uncertain, but in which they believe they can succeed if they exert enough effort. Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. McClellands research differs from Murrays in that McClelland studied three needs in depth: the need for achievement, the need for affiliation, and the need for power (often abbreviated, in turn, as nAch, nAff, and nPow).5 McClelland believes that these three needs are learned, primarily in childhood. Such actions enhance intrinsic rewards. A common perception about people who perform unskilled jobs is that they are unmotivated and content doing what they are doing. On the other hand, SDT would suggest that to enhance intrinsic motivation on jobs that are interesting, dont focus only on increasing extrinsic rewards (like large pay bonuses). In McClelland's motivation theory, the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power are developed over time, as a result of life experiences. Maintaining good relationships with their coworkers is important to them, so they go to great lengths to make the work group succeed because they fear rejection. a.) d) Existence, relatedness, and goals a) power. This is in contrast to the thousands of needs that earlier researchers had identified, and also fewer than Murray identified in his theory. e) working longer hours. b) the amount of effort a person puts forth Some jobs are by their very nature uninteresting and unlikely to be made interesting. The first of these, satisfaction progression, is in basic agreement with Maslows process of moving through the needs. The Prison Expansion Era. Physiological, safety and social needs are __________ according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior. Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site b.) Hygiene d) esteem. b) Equity d.) Motivator d) psychologically distorting the comparisons. e) It holds that people who feel underpaid will reduce their work efforts to compensate for missing rewards. Which of the following statements accurately describes Herzberg's hygiene factors? More specifically, Herzberg believes these motivators lead to high performance (achievement), and the high performance itself leads to satisfaction. Teleological theories include all of the following except A) Ethical egoism B) Utilitarianism C) Altruism D)Ethical egalitarianism Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 42 D Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by Vickemz Terms in this set (42) Teleological theories include all of the following except A) Ethical egoism Over time the hobby becomes less fun and is done in order to receive extrinsic rewards (money). e) Motivation = expectancy + rewards + valence, a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence, Organizational Theory CHAPTER 5-8 Quiz 2 Set, Ch.14 Leader Traits and Behavioral Styles, Nonprofit Managment - Chapter 17 Internationa, Nonprofit Chapter 16 - Social Entrepreneurshi, Nonprofit Chapter 15 - Government Grants and, Nonprofit Management Chapter 14 - Earned Inco, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Arlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins, Combo with Phonology and Acqusition and 1 oth. Orem believes there are two types of human beings: those who need nursing care and those who produce it. are licensed under a, Major Characteristics of the Manager's Job, How the Brain Processes Information to Make Decisions: Reflective and Reactive Systems, Administrative and Bureaucratic Management, External and Internal Organizational Environments and Corporate Culture, The Internal Organization and External Environments, Organizing for Change in the 21st Century, Ethics, Corporate Responsibility, and Sustainability, Dimensions of Ethics: The Individual Level, Ethical Principles and Responsible Decision-Making, Leadership: Ethics at the Organizational Level, Ethics, Corporate Culture, and Compliance, Emerging Trends in Ethics, CSR, and Compliance, Cultural Stereotyping and Social Institutions, Characteristics of Successful Entrepreneurs, Trends in Entrepreneurship and Small-Business Ownership, Strategic Analysis: Understanding a Firms Competitive Environment, Gaining Advantages by Understanding the Competitive Environment, A Firm's External Macro Environment: PESTEL, A Firm's Micro Environment: Porter's Five Forces, Competition, Strategy, and Competitive Advantage, The Strategic Management Process: Achieving and Sustaining Competitive Advantage, The Role of Strategic Analysis in Formulating a Strategy, Strategic Objectives and Levels of Strategy, Planning Firm Actions to Implement Strategies, Measuring and Evaluating Strategic Performance, An Introduction to Human Resource Management, Influencing Employee Performance and Motivation, Talent Development and Succession Planning, Benefits and Challenges of Workplace Diversity, Situational (Contingency) Approaches to Leadership, Substitutes for and Neutralizers of Leadership, Transformational, Visionary, and Charismatic Leadership, Opportunities and Challenges to Team Building, Factors Affecting Communications and the Roles of Managers, Managerial Communication and Corporate Reputation, The Major Channels of Management Communication Are Talking, Listening, Reading, and Writing, Formal Organizational Planning in Practice, Management by Objectives: A Planning and Control Technique, The Control- and Involvement-Oriented Approaches to Planning and Controlling, MTIIts Importance Now and In the Future, External Sources of Technology and Innovation, Internal Sources of Technology and Innovation, Management Entrepreneurship Skills for Technology and Innovation, Managing Now for Future Technology and Innovation, The New York City Metropolitan Transit Authority undertook a new approach to how they perform critical inspection and maintenance of subway components that are necessary to providing reliable service. b) Self-actualization and esteem That is, most people spend much of their lives developing self-esteem and the esteem of others. To have ones needs gratified by the sympathetic aid of an allied object. c) Expectancy According to this perspective, the manager's job is to identify what people need and then to make sure that the work environment becomes a means of satisfying these needs. e) an employee's responsibility to develop need profiles required for success in their respective manager's jobs, b) possible to teach people to develop need profiles required for success in different jobs. Maslows theory is still popular among practicing managers. social, esteem, and self-actualization. c) Do your best e) Hygiene factors include working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary. Task feedback, or knowledge of results, overwhelms employees with information and reduces employee motivation toward higher performance. Exhibit 14.6 shows how Maslows theory relates to factors that organizations can influence. 6. 2017. Giving Back. https://bombas.com/pages/giving-back, Knowledge @ Wharton. d) affiliation factors c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. the consequences of an individual's behavior. a) Reinforcement Manifest needs dominate our other needs. The person may not have had the opportunity to express the need. a. e) Self-actualization and physiological.

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