life expectancy of an infantry soldier in vietnam

How could we lose a war we had already stopped fighting? He then said that they were generally on patrol moving through their area, both attacking and being attacked depending if the VC knew their location. Because if only 1 RTO fought for say only 10 or 15 minutes before being killed, that would up the AVG for the total war! Tumbling end over end, the canisters exploded in a white-hot fireball. What was the average life expectancy of a soldier in Vietnam? Nervous, I set up my gun on the hill and loaded a new hundred-round belt. The average age of the men killed: 23.1 years. 2,709,918 Americans served in uniform in Vietnam. The Vietnam War was the first American war in which Black and White troops were not formally segregated, and even saw significant growth in the number of African Americans engaged in battlefield combat, [1] though some de facto segregation still occurred. I never even got a shot off. (and yes, you cant ask them, so it would have to be derived from the AA-reports and survivors). 1 Gun had registered its first kill. EACH OF US CARRIES OUR OWN MEMORIES AND THEY RUN THE GAMUT. I packed my own radio and got a Thank you from his Mom. Company A searched in vain for the platoon in the dark and finally found the shattered unit on the morning of May 19. the life expectancy of a LT in Vietnam in major combat was 16 minutes. 101st Airborne Division. Date: March 8, 2020 Author: pdoggbiker 97 Comments Photo above is of Stanley Kober with RTO, John Scheur. Jimmy aaja, jimmy aaja. hmK#1+yNvA I was also told that the Radio did put a target on my back. His best friend is 86 and still alive. The one that should be there is the combat medic. Very interesting I carried theM 60 for 5 months that gun would cut down anything. Change). Great reading. He was wounded and suffered permanent disability shortly before his tour was up. Nicknamed "the pig" due to its size, weight and sound, the gun struck fear into enemy troops. I handled Top Secret Commo on a daily basis. Their personal income exceeds that of our non-veteran age group by more than 18 percent. My father was on a lrrp team!65-67never was shot but killed alot.He never really got over it though died in 2012! Death by a Bottle! It was a daily challenge to know who your real enemy was. Gotta say I think you hit it on the nose. Both were infantry in WW2. Life Expectancy of the World Population. Sholly injured an ankle, and 1st Lt. Cary Allen took command of Company B. There were no Americans involved in any capacity. 'No. 1 Gun': An M60 Machine Gunner in Vietnam Tells His Story - HistoryNet 3 Answers C5H5N in water > C5H5NH+ & OH- Kb = [C5H5NH+] [OH-] / [C5H5N] 1.5e-9 = [x] 1. I carried the PRC-25 Radio most of that time. Spanish Help Found NVA bunker complex. https://open.spotify.com/show/5Th7BCpIKDE1hVTqNL3u0Q. Company B arrived in-country with four rifle platoons, and each platoon was armed with two M60s. E)V_5lu[vC3+"vg2L& 58,148 were killed in Vietnam, 75,000 severely disabled, 23,214 were 100% disabled, 5,283 lost limbs and 1,081 sustained multiple amputations. The machine guns were numbered within each platoon. Not to mention that right now its safer than some cities in the us. He was not the type to hump a radio. ), special forces, combat support, engineering, medics, and vehicle assault weapons. (Although 58,169 names are in the Nov. 93 database, only 58,148 have both event date and birth date. US Wings recently added to OTEXA's Made in U.S.A. Soon after, Pfc. The blasts from the AMMO, really lit up the whole area. Cluster F, SNAFU and FUBAR fer sur. Love this analysis. Required fields are marked *. If it had been up to me, I would have awarded my gun the CIB too. None of the enlisted grades have an average age of less than 20. Vietnam Veterans represented 9.7% of their generation. We killed a lot of the enemy but we took few serious casualties. If it was your day to get hit or die, it happened. To my right, Piambino had poked his head out of the trench to fire his M16 rifle. . As I made it back to the road I remember seeing the Welcome Home Brothers ! They were all up there scanning the terrain and looking for signs. For his actions, he was awarded the Congressional Medal if Honor. Address: 561 E Hines Hill Road Hudson, Ohio 44236 Phone: 1-800-650-0659 / 330-655-5050 Fax: 330-653-3750 Email: [emailprotected], Retail Store Hours: Monday-Friday: 9am - 5pm EST Saturdays: 10am -3pm (Oct-Jan) Sundays: Closed. Thanks for the perceived loss and the countless assassinations and torture visited upon Vietnamese, Laotians, and Cambodians goes mainly to the American media and their undying support-by-misrepresentation of the anti-War movement in the United States. In Vietnam, 1 in 400 of the wounded died of their . They were lazy, cowardly and of questionable loyalty, especially the RUFF/PUFFS, and they would steal your under ware if given half a chance. Isolated atrocities committed by American Soldiers produced torrents of outrage from anti-war critics and the news media while Communist atrocities were so common that they received hardly any media mention at all. In fact, after the 5-year post-service period, the rate of suicides is less in the Vietnam veterans group. Proudly holding my M60 over my head, I screamed at the top of my lungs, No. well i have been army infantry for 12 years with 2 deployments, and still going strong. Our home base was Quang Tri fire Base, But I spent about 6 months out at Mai Loc with the rig. The casualty rate in the current war today is a fraction. As it was, less than 40 did not need evacuation. It had a crew of 4 (forward gunner, the coxswain (steering and driving) and the two aft gunners. Before I became a team leader on ambush and recon I was in command of the scout jeep for the 25th ID resupply convoy from January 1968 to June 15, 1968 and I found the resupply convoys a lot more dangerous because the enemy always knew where it would be and when. Its just (bad) luck, fate, randomness theres no right or wrong, no justice or fairness, no reasoning. That same day, I along with 3/4 others was transported to Long Bhin Post. How old are Vietnam vets now? document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. The U.S. Infantryman Vietnam Pocket Manual contains gems such as infantry "patrol tips," maneuver techniques, and fighting methods for various environments. We were about 700 yards east of Company A when it was ambushed by an NVA battalion. Thats why I never understand people talking about survivors guilt it should have been me, why him? etc. But, once the enemy lays down his weapon, I want YOU TO REMEMBER THREE THINGS: 1, HE IS A SOLDIER, JUST LIKE YOU.2, HE IS AWAY FROM HOME And family, just like you. Sgt. Soldier Life Expectancy in Ukraine 'Meat Grinder' Is 4 Hours: Marine Also, it would mean the killed RTOs died within seconds of the fight (it doesnt distinguish between ambush or regular fight, eg. I assisted Vessey and Capt Cartwright by helping prepare the Bee Hive Rounds (first time they were ever used), firing 4 rounds at proximity 0 range into a human wave attack on or weak side after 5 hours of relentless attacks on the opposite side of the perimeter Those 4 rounds killed @ 400 enemy soldiers, of the 881 total enemy losss John Vessey later became a 4 Star general and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs appointed by Reagan 1983, and at retirement became Chair of the POW MIA Commission for 14 years, Passing away in August 2016 just 6 months before our 50th Reunion. It was one of my most memorable tours in the Navy I later went to a carrier and was bored silly because I had about 1% of the responsibilities I had as an O-2. As far as I knew that was done in the whole battalion in 1968 . Good article. Lucky you. Was the 7th Infantry in Vietnam? - 2023 4 Charlie Ranallo, were on No. Interesting but something is missing. estimated education differentials in life expectancy for Veterans in 2011-14 are close to those of U. S. population in 1979-89. It was reported as an overwhelming success for the Communist forces and a decided defeat for the U.S. forces. The life expectancy of a radio operator in the Vietnam War ranged between five to six seconds all the way up to a slightly-more-optimistic thirty seconds, depending on your source. Please do not send samples. We fought to an agreed stalemate. I was an FO back in the day. As a Huey door gunner, when we left the ground on a mission, I always thought that this mission would be my last! 1 Gun used to kill Americans? David H. McNerney, who assumed command of the company when all of its officers were killed or wounded, was presented with the Medal of Honor in a White House ceremony in September 1968. Great story!!! Ever since that fateful day in 1967, I have often wondered what became of my beloved M60. Not much different than his unit. What was the life expectancy of a point man in Vietnam? Soldier,this is a wardont forget that, and anytime we are in a fight we will be toughest SOBs in the fight!! I was a point man, M60 Gunner and squad leader. The Marine Corps lost 14,836, or 5 percent . It was always quick/quick, load the bodies in and get the hell out. As we approached the battle, we heard intense firing. However, Shermans were very outmatched by the German tanks on the field of battle. happened. The first thing my platoon sgt. V. Victor Renza was sent home after he was wounded on May 18, 1967. endstream endobj startxref And dug Berms, in the area. Fact: The American military was not defeated in Vietnam. Well, according to current mortality and morbidity statistics for the USright around 77.5 Years! Commanders like him were few and far between many were afraid of their own shadow and were only there to get their ticket punched. Unable to reach Company A, my company pulled back, formed a perimeter and called in air and artillery support. "And in seizing the firm land at the . Why is my internet redirecting to gslbeacon.ligit.com and how do I STOP THIS. Thanks for the reply. Like you, I carried a PRC-25 for about 5 months and never got hit. Thats 390 per day. The other group of aeromedical evacuation were divisional, i.e. My 31-months in-country was in three Direct Support US Army aviation units, 15TC BN, First Cav, 335TH, Americal and 17TH Cav 101ST ABD65-71In the last battle I was directly involved, LAM SON 719, into Laos, cost army aviation units over 600-helicopters shot down or battle damagedthe NVA were waiting for our SECRET mission in early 71I was glad to go home at battles end, in March 71 , almost unscathed, I was TDY for my absurd third tourTo the point, many ARVN Rangers, airborne and their other best died in Lam Son 719US Army Infantry were forbidden entry to Laos in 71.. the ARVN were massacredand many US Army pilots and crew mambers were KIA & WIAeven MIA. Rules may have changed, I was in the Delta region. Tony told me that either he or I would greet all incoming troops and we did- and here is the speech we gave to them. %%EOF It was just north of Saigon. B)Enter the the Ksp expression forC2D3 in terms of the molar solubility x. Jimmy aaja -M.I.A. Different type units, different locations, different opinions on dangers. Of the . (Getty Images) Most war stories are about soldiers and battles. One out of every 10 Americans who served in Vietnam was a casualty. "The Cotton Balers, damn fine Soldiers." The Battalion returned to Fort Benning on October 11, 1970 and was inactivated. I applaud the courage and difficult and all so dangerous job of Roger Herforth when he served as an RTO for the Hawk Recon Platoon of the 101st airborne division in Vietnam.. The Vietnam War was the turning point for Communism. Vietnam War soldiers Vietnam Veterans were the best educated forces our nation had ever sent into combat. What Was It Like To Hump The Boonies in Vietnam? The last American troops departed in their entirety 29 March 1973. 2. The earliest casualty record contains a date of death of . The Statistics in the Combat Area Casualty File (CACF 11/93) show an average age of death much higher than that of news reports. We gathered the casualties and set out for Company A. The average age of the 58,148 US Servicemembers killed in Vietnam was . life expectancy of an infantry soldier in vietnam - lbgf.org The rule of thumb was , any new guys would get the radio and keep it until another new guy came in. He said when they were ambushed they took defensive positions, returned fire, called for assistance when needed, and retreated when necessary. We were expecting, an attack. I was wasting ammo and didnt even have a target! 15 May he was killed by friendly fire, and a host of us were WIA, myself included. U.S. Wings is a manufacturer and a supplier. Nobody attacked, where we were. Very Good , I was a radio operator up in I corps in 68 & to me the worst thing was the walking . The average age of the 58,148 killed in Vietnam was 23.11 years (Although 58,169 names are in the Nov. 93 database, only 58,148 have both event date and birth date. I would carry when on ambush. The answer that we have always been given is that 1 year in the Infantry is equivalent to 3 years of hard labor. For some reason, the written word of this article was somehow deleted and lost. Robert Sholly, standing with Platoon Sgt. I kept the radio because I understood the power of having the first communication with the support mechanisms of the military. Hack received the Purple Heart for major combat injuries, and spent the rest of his military career as a recruiter for the US Army in Akron, Ohio. I may not have hit anyone that day, but I am certain that No. He pulled the company into a perimeter and dispatched 4th Platoon to recon the trail to the west, while 1st Platoon performed a similar mission to the east-southeast. 10-4. No. I was drafted on Nov. 10, 1965, and assigned to the 4th Infantry Division. I am 81 now and survived the encounter by terminated the sniper. To keep busy on the boat ride to Vietnam, my unitCompany B, 1st Battalion, 8th Infantry Regimentheld competitions where we took the gun apart and put it back together while blindfolded to see who could do it fastest. You seen the enemy you shots him and vice versa. Shermans had fairly thin armor (76mm at the thickest compared to a Tiger with 180mm at the thickest with most around 100mm). It began just as, it was getting dark. Can I use this word like this: The addressal by the C.E.O. Sept 69 to Sept 70. As the entire platoon hit the ground, I saw guys crawling back toward me. It was on the Job Training ! We all die, so its not even worth worrying about when in my opinion, id rather do something that i knew was worth it and risk dieing instead of living in fear of death. 1 Gun was on my hip with the safety off, ready to rock and roll. Fact: No American had involvement in this incident near Trang Bang that burned Phan Thi Kim Phuc. All the comments and replies are of absolute truth, I was only 18 when I got to Nam ,Im a country boy from NC so here I am I think convoy truck drivers had one of the most dangerous job. Your Dad and I had the same job. Many were killed or wounded ! They kept coming up the hill bringing more bodies to me until all seven had been found. Even the AP photographer, Nick Ut, who took the picture, was Vietnamese. Five men killed in Vietnam were only 16 years old. THANKS! Ambushed on October 4th,1967. Saw from mostly safe distance almost all the weapons systems that where there used. Every mission, I had the same thought. year old Marine thinking this is my last day on earth. An NVA soldier had evidently spotted the gun and waited patiently for me to stick my head up. we were getting it with machine gun and mortars. Ernest, Im glad that your first tour with the VN airborne was rewarding. I, in turn, would take an M16 rifle, which felt like a feather in comparison. Over 900,000 patients were airlifted (nearly half were American). If the NVA shot at the group retrieving the bodies, I was to fire over the heads of the grunts and engage the enemy. Screaming Eagles! Average age of men killed: 23.1 years Total Deaths: 23.11 years Enlisted: 50,274; 22.37 years Officers: 6,598; 28.43 years Warrants: 1,276; 24.73 years E1: 525; 20.34 years Five men killed in Vietnam were only 16 years old. However, inaccurately reported, the News Media made the Tet Offensive famous. Corrections and confirmations to this errored index resulted in the addition of 358 U.S. military personnel confirmed to have served in Vietnam but not originally listed by the Department of Defense (All names are currently on file and accessible 24/7/365). 1 Gun before my luck ran out. One out of every 10 Americans who served in Vietnam was a casualty. located on the South End of, the Post. The Bronze Star was awarded to ALL that were awarded the CIB in WWII because the Infantry accounted for over 70% of the casualties in WWLL BUT NOT 70% )F ALL THE INFANTRY !!! Theres 58,276. I had yet to fire a shot with No. Ive always considered myself damn lucky to make it out alive. 1,713,823 of those who served in Vietnam were still alive as of August, 1995 (census figures). Also , it I might add that the, Government big wigs, have a quota [percentage]of a lot of the Military equipment etc that had a certain amount of time to function until it was disable, blow up, wrecked, junk, etc. The planes doing the bombing near the village were VNAF (Vietnam Air Force) and were being flown by Vietnamese pilots in support of South Vietnamese troops on the ground. The Republic of Vietnam lost 1,018 aircraft and helicopters from January 1964 to September 1973. 1 Gun, as always, thumped out a throaty roar as I fought desperately to push the enemy back. 4 Bill May and Spc. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. 4322 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<4E412331B845E54EBDFDC79FA0627A18>]/Index[4314 16]/Info 4313 0 R/Length 65/Prev 560501/Root 4315 0 R/Size 4330/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream 11,465 of those killed were younger than 20 years old. PLEASE HELP!!! Soldiers also act in the mobilization of vehicles, weaponry, troops, and more. Although we do tend to bomb a lot, thats only half of what we do. They were held in special regard after the Normandy landings, when 225 Rangers scaled cliffs at Pointe Du Hoc on June 6, 1944 under intense enemy fire. All that other stuff about seconds and minutes were story tellers, embellishing things to impress some listeners back home. Just to show that its hard to get an accurate number, note my typo of 56,220. We used to provide cover for these guys. Cruz quite a lot. I prayed I would not have to fire over the heads of the 4th Platoon troops entering the draw to retrieve our dead. The fall of Saigon happened 30 April 1975, two years AFTER the American military left Vietnam. Contents1 [] I knew some of this, but certainly not all. When the Company B units that landed on the opposite side of the river got to the bank, some troops reached in and pulled the enemy from the water. While I was in training, my motivation was to get these wings and I wear them today proudly, the airman recalled in 2015. I served in A Company 3/22 of the 3rd Brigade 4th Infantry 12/66, then Hq Co 2/12 of the 3rd Brigade 25th Inf until the night of the TET offensive end of January 1968 and returned home July 18 1968. We went out typically in two boat patrols one lead one cover . 1 Gun. I had an assistant gunner, Spc. These records were transferred into the custody of the National Archives and Records Administration in 2008. Total fantasy. Sholly finally agreed and stated that the next time we received replacements I could give one of them my M60. Great information. What was the average life expectancy for soldiers during World War 2 The incredibly important role in the U.S. Army is responsible for defending the country through real-life combat. Then he said youre on a FB, the enemy always knows your location, can pretty much attack at will, and you really dont have the capability to retreat. By mid-April 1967 I was pleading with the captain to get a replacement gunner for my M60 in 4th Platoon. I carried the proc 26 radio after I was asked by my field 1st ( E 7 ) if I would for my platoon . wias. Then we all, loaded on C-147 cargo planes. Thank You General Vessey for the almost 53 years I have lived since that day. PDF Sobering Statistics Concerning Vietnam Vets As of April 2016 If it was 1941 and you were an average Soviet soldier, your life expectancy on the front line was days, not weeks, thanks to the ongoing german offence. 5 Answers There is no word like addressal. I credit my longetivity to great training at Ft Benning. 2 Gun to Ranallo. sweep team,then I heard the choppers and they were blowing the hell out in the tree line then it just got so quiet like nothing Still shaken, I grabbed the gun and crawled to the left inside the streambed. Fact: Assuming KIAs accurately represented age groups serving in Vietnam, the average age of an infantryman (MOS 11B) serving in Vietnam to be 19 years old is a myth, it is actually 22. In the few firefights and skirmishes we had with local VC, the gun always performed well. 4314 0 obj <> endobj His body was torn to pieces. He served as a sergeant with the Big Red One in Lai Khe, Vietnam. In the First Armored Division, now part of the 23rd Infantry Division, commonly known as the Americal Division, combat medics were called into action every day because the fighting was now. This has been going on for about a week Every time I try to watch a video on Youtube from my laptop I get instantly redirected to "gslbeacon.ligit.com." The Vietnam War gave us trouble because we didnt know how to counteract against guerrilla warfare in a jungle (dont forget that the US Army was switching to M16s, which often jammed). I picked up my M60 and walked to the center of the perimeter, where I found the company commander, Capt. I am 16 years old an 150 pounds qith some good muscle. Grab some friends and go outside. But it was my jobso I tried not to think about it much. Day in the life of a Vietnam Soldier | History 118: US History Since 1877 A soldier or Marine in Vietnam had a 98% chance of survival if he was evacuated within the first hour of being injured the best odds in the history of American warfare up to that time. Non-divisional aeromedical evacuation units went by the callsign DUSTOFF. 17 photos showing the life of an elite US Army Ranger In a strange country scared shitless .I was a minesweeper.My first time out on a mission they put me on the drag line fifty yards from the road which was route 1, Then all hell broke lose I had scary thoughts about myself humping the bush as a RTO, I was a real puny guy back then. PDF Mortality Rates and Life Expectancy of Veterans - Veterans Affairs Sergeant Galiano's experience does not deny Brands depiction of the battle in Vietnam, but offers a typically overlooked perspective of a drafted soldier fighting in the central highlands of Vietnam. I am proud to have fought alongside of them. In 1973, Renza opened his own salon in Peekskill. (tirotactico.net). It didnt matter who you were or where you were. What was the life expectency of a private soldier in vietnam? Such as in the song Jimmy by M.I.A look at aaja in the dictionary My indian boyfriend told me is meaning come to me, 6 Answers I have never had or heard of that particular brand, but have had several here in Canada, plus a number in the Caribbean and Asia, and there all the same, small cut hot dogs in a can, no need q now please.. Name the major nerves that serve the following body areas:? hbbd```b`` ,&Iw sA '#o Three-fourths had family incomes above the poverty level; 50% were from middle income backgrounds. Every single . Done ranting. (LogOut/ The average infantryman in Vietnam saw about 240 days of combat in one year thanks to the mobility of the helicopter. Whether they produced battlefield images of the dead or daguerreotype portraits of common soldiers, []. Or is it on display in a Hanoi museum so curious citizens of that city can inspect a weapon captured from American imperialists? Our 5th night there, the AMMO area started burning / blowing up. When Roeski got hit, I took over the M-60. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Bloody May 1968 Mini TET. Around 3 p.m., when Grandstaff realized we were about to be overrun, he called in artillery right on top of our location. As I carried a PRC25 radio for over seven-months in the > Nam, I was curious to find out what I did RIGHT to surv >, One MOS I figured was a sure short timer was POL{Fuel} Truck Driver. Amazingly, the NVA men then walked a short distance away, sat down and ate lunch. The Organization of the Viet Cong Units in the South never recovered. A battery of big 155 mm howitzers blasted the tiny platoon perimeter, tearing trees out of the ground and hurling chunks of red-hot shell splinters through the air. Much smaller income differentials in life expectancy, 0.2 to 3.6 life-years smaller for Veterans in 2010-17 are estimated. 82nd 2/505th. We (Americans) had nothing to do with controlling VNAF, according to Lieutenant General (Ret) James F. Hollingsworth, the Commanding General of TRAC at that time. I would suspect that stating with any accuracy the life span of a grunt like me, or any other MOS, would be pretty much pure speculation. What was the average life expectancy of a soldier in battle on - Quora Though I flew only about 1/2 dozen missions as a Huey door gunner, I was initially told to sit on my flak jacket I always did so (personal protection first). Artillery, and ground forces. Was it left behind on some forgotten battlefield? Overview - Medics and Corpsmen - Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund After that initial post-service period, Vietnam veterans were no more likely to die from suicide than non-Vietnam veterans. (LogOut/ Look for the blue accessibility symbol floating on every page of our website and click on it to tailor your viewing experience to your particular disability. This article appeared in the October 2021 issue of Vietnam magazine. Was No. Had multiple Ks and Ws. Both served in A 2/18 1st Infantry Division. three, he believes he is doing what his country wants him to dojust like you So you better damn well treat him with the compassion you want for you!! The rolling fire burned everything to the ground and undoubtedly killed scores of NVA. The average man who fought in World War II was 26 years of age. First thing we did was, Set up a complete circular perimeter. RIght there and the NVA we were usually up against knew this. They used the callsign MEDIVAC and were armed. meaning what is the chance of me getting killed in combat. My shit got weak and a sniper popped three rounds in my young ass. To my surprise, I qualified as an expert with the M60 machine gun, nicknamed the pig because of the size, weight and sound of the weapon. The key may be the word initial since we became more savvy with successive combats and had improved survivability. DeLong was later killed attempting to escape from a North Vietnamese prisoner of war camp in Cambodia. I wasnt aware that they kept life expectancy statistics. Just published my book The Last Goodbye by John Fratangelo, available on line on Barnes and Noble and Amazon Prime Books, Getting great reviews. Was I lucky ? Michael Doolittle..I was with 1/8 inf, 1st Brigade, and that day, March 22nd was also our darkest day. Then I dropped back down in the streambed to organize our ammo. I sure feel for all you guys that went outside the wire. They have a lower unemployment rate than the same non-vet age groups. Fact: Servicemen who went to Vietnam from well-to-do areas had a slightly elevated risk of dying because they were more likely to be pilots or infantry officers. Background [ edit] They were glad to see me as it had been a while for replacements with the unit. You were a Great RTO. I know this is a standard cliche, but it is so true, All gave some. I never thought of it that way before but have many times since. Do the math. How Many Vietnam War Veterans Are Still Alive? I will always think/say, we had absolutely no reason for being in that place. We wanted a break. My assistant gunner and my ammo bearer also carried 300 rounds each. I was a grunt with c co. 4/31 196th it inf bade.

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