should southern be capitalized

hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(42679, '809ac5c4-ef90-4489-8311-03d2c90632ee', {"useNewLoader":"true","region":"na1"}); Topics: Words Which Should Not Be Capitalized in a Title. However, I was recently advised by someone who I consider to be educated to capitalize "southern" in this context. Another example, "Eastern" in the phrase "Eastern bankers" is capitalized since the word denotes a certain group of people. The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) suggests capitalizing terms like Midwesterner, Northerner, Southerner, and Westerner:5. North, east, south, and west are the four cardinal directions, often marked by the initials N, E, S, and W. East and west are at right angles to north and south. On a cloudless night, I studied Pisces, a constellation in the North sky. The word "southern" is not part of the official name of California or any city or county, so I never capitalize it. States should also be abbreviated when used as part of a short-form political affiliation. Hi, Chris. Use lower case for generic or plural references. It was put into effect at first for big businesses, but was then gradually adopted by everyone as a standardized format. However, be consistent and do not write: "Visitors to southern California climbed while visitors to northern California fell." Should south be capitalized? When words like northern, southern, eastern, and western precede a place name, they are not ordinarily capitalized, because they merely indicate general location within a region. 1 The Midwest is the breadbasket of the United States. Usage guide. Do you capitalize the word state when referring to a state? Capitalize the pronoun. NOTE: Within certain regions it is not uncommon for many who live there to capitalize the adjective because of the special importance they attach to the regional designation. However, a co-author argues that southern should not be capitalized, because it is an adjective, not a noun. Hi, James. Are coca cola and pepsi owned by the same company? For example, you would write "the Southern United States," but "the southern way of . After all, it was named after its inventor, Edwin Southern, and therefore the use of the capital is justified. The seasons are not proper nouns and are therefore not normally capitalized. If a law is new but its interpretation is vague, can the courts directly ask the drafters the intent and official interpretation of their law? AP Style states that when referring to the names of a nation, directions should . You should only capitalize directions, such as north, when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as "in the North.". When referring to regions, capitalize these words. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Is it Southern or Southern? To make room for the ZIP Code, state names needed to be abbreviated. Which sentence is capitalized correctly Carlotta? Is south capitalized when referring to Southern states? hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(42679, '499cbd76-cfa5-4fea-836f-ead06058d874', {"useNewLoader":"true","region":"na1"}); North, East, South or West - Capitalize or Not? In general, you should capitalize the names of countries and languages. Some authorities also capitalize titles if they immediately follow the name without the word "the.". Circling back to the "title" rule, if the headline is in sentence case and the word "region" is not the starting word of the title, "region" should be written in lowercase. Of all the various names or terms, direction names could be the trickiest to handle. Here is part of that discussion: 8.46 Regions of the world and national regions. Likewise, capitalize terms such as "Native American," "Hispanic," and so on. However, when giving an address, or in tables or other uses in which space is limited, use the US Postal Services symbol system, which consists of a two-letter abbreviation in which both letters are always capitalized and no periods are used (for example, NY for New York). Each state has its own unique shortened name codes used in written documents and mailing addresses. In other words, directions can be tricky! Geographic Regions Used as Adjectives However, I was recently advised by someone who I consider to be educated to capitalize "southern" in this context. Dates. I don't think there's an established norm for identifying regions of Albania in English (although you might get a different answer if you asked an Albanian, I suppose), but looking at Google Ngrams, "southeastern Albania" seems to be the most common option: https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=southeast+Albania%2Csoutheastern+Albania%2Csouth-east+Albania%2Csouth-eastern+Albania&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&direct_url=t1%3B%2Csoutheast%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csoutheastern%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csouth%20-%20east%20Albania%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Csouth%20-%20eastern%20Albania%3B%2Cc0 However, if youre referring to a specific region, such as the east coast of the United States, keep the words lowercase. Do not drive, Five Below Job Opportunities Earning consideration for Five Below jobs begins with meeting the companys minimum employment age, which is 16 years old. In general, Midwesterners are friendly and down to earth. Instead of using the frequently used double-space, only use one space after a period to properly follow AP style guidelines. If the writer is referring to the United States and calling it just the States, then states needs to be capitalized. Can you drive with a broken front differential? Theoretically Correct vs Practical Notation. Hello! In domains such as ecology, physical geography, environmental geography, and zoogeography, regions are typically based on ecosystems, biomes, natural regions, drainage basins, soil types, mountain ranges, and other natural features. Is state capitalized when referring to a specific state? When words like northern, southern, eastern, and western precede a place name, they are not ordinarily capitalized, because they merely indicate general location within a region. The days of the week are: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday. Hi, Kelly. Time arrow with "current position" evolving with overlay number. Knowing whether to capitalize directional adjectives can be challenging. Hope all that helps! Do not capitalize them when they follow possessive pronouns such as her, his, my, our, your. Capitalize directions that are names; North, South, East, and West when used as sections of the country, but not as compass directions. proofreading, As explained in the post, some people do capitalize terms like "the North" when they refer to a well-established geographical area. If these geographic areas are part of a name, however, such as "River Thames", capitalize the term. Proper nouns should always be capitalized. ANS: Demand, Copyright 2023 TipsFolder.com | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. Is Grandma a well-behaved woman? Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. Capitalize the traditional geographic regions in the United States: the Midwest, the North, the South, the West, and the combined regions (i.e., the Northeast, the Southeast, and the Southwest).1. northern New Jersey, western Massachusetts Northern Ireland, Western Australia In what contexts would I capitalize "city" and "county"? There is room for variation here: if you live in Coventry and youre writing for other Coventry residents, then perhaps writing South Coventry would make sense. What is the purpose of this D-shaped ring at the base of the tongue on my hiking boots? Also, if "region" is the first word in a sentence, it is capitalized. Capitalizing "North," "South," "East," and "West" when they're part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a specific geographical region or culture). My friend is a southerner. Binomial nomenclature is, of course, also used for animals, including the singularly curious one designated as Homo sapiens. When there is no proper name, lowercase "mountain", "gorge", "valley", "beach", and other geographical features. The obvious examples of this are countries, states, cities, and other geographical areas: We study the history of Eastern Europe. For example, Silicon Valley isn't a proprietary name or legally defined area, but it receives initial caps anyway. That means you should lowercase articles, Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. He's one part content manager, one part writing ninja organizer, and two parts leader of top content creators. Without capitalization, it could refer to anyone in the southern hemisphere, or perhaps southern England. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The English language has grammar and usage rules by the boatload. Do You Capitalize "Real Estate"? Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Q. Hello! Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Hi, Mary. Filed Under: Writing Tagged With: AP style, capitalization, Chicago style, dictionaries. The main thing is to be consistent with whatever you choose. Only a few signs of the zodiac are automatically capitalized (Capricorn, Gemini, Sagittarius, Taurus). In your first paragraph after the caption you make a good comparison between Wild West and Southern California, but I'm still troubled by a couple of issues. Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. The basic guidelines for using capital letters in English appear simple enough: Capitalize the first word in a sentence. Note that exceptions based on specific regional, political, or historical contexts are inevitable and that an author's strong preference should usually be respected. But if someone prefers "African American," use that term rather than a more generic "black." They live in the western part of the country. Along with the proper nouns listed in the table above, you should also always capitalize: the first word after a colon when what follows the colon is an independent clause, most nouns when they are followed by numerals or letters (e.g., Table 1, Figure 2, Panel A; see section 4.17), and. And Wisconsin is known as the Badger State (not "the badger state") even though its official name is Wisconsin. Thank you for subscribing to our newsletter! One reason partisans capitalize "White" or "Black" is to denote its importance in messages, even subliminally, magnified by lowercasing the "other." As always, we believe that labels can oversimplify, and that a specific description is better. editing, South Pacific. Is Southern California capitalized AP style? This confusion can also be attributed to the fact that certain region names have direction names in their official names, such as "the Middle East". Not capitalizing when referring to a general direction. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Southern States. However, if instead you reference a general location, such as the southern winds, then the word southern should be lowercase. When the word state forms the full name of a specific body, you must also capitalize it. Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. When And When Not To. On a cloudless night, I studied Pisces, a constellation in the North sky. So capitalize The Pacific Northwest and Central Texas, but not We drove west for two hours., The States that make up The South are usually considered to be: Virginia Tennessee Arkansas Louisiana North Carolina South Carolina Mississippi Alabama Georgia Florida Texas. When the name of a city and state are used together, the name of the state should be abbreviated (except for Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas and Utah). In other words, capitalize words such as Mother, Father, Grandmother, Grandfather, Son, Daughter, and Sis when they are used in place of the persons name. You should capitalize North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). MLA style followsThe Chicago Manual of Style (8.47) for geographic terms. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". By convention, however, southern is capitalized when it refers to the region of California: We also lowercase the terms when they refer to people: Butsouthernerandnorthernerarecapitalized when they refer to people on either side of the civil war in the United States: The civil war was fought between Southerners and Northerners. 'CMOS recognizes that common usage and context determine conventional approaches to capitalization in connection with the treatment of certain terms related to regions.' So it would be best to check your style guide if you have one and to make sure whatever you choose is used consistently. I is always capitalized, along with all its contractions. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. In headlines, the periods are omitted. The concept of a "region" is significant and used widely among the several geography branches, each of which could describe the areas or zones in region-based terms. The following formal names of specific degrees should always be capitalized in AP style: As you can see, master's degrees are capitalized when abbreviated. are widely recognized as popular names and are thus capitalized. I guess you're saying that it's always okay to break any principle if you really want to, because CMOS says so. What's the difference between a power rail and a signal line? In general, lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, etc., when they indicate compass direction. In all cases, though, you should: Check your style guide (if applicable) for advice on specific terms. So, noun will be always first capital letter. Once again, refer to your dictionary if your preferred style guide doesnt address this issue. When does a locational distinction change its suffix and capitialization in a proper name? When did they standardize state abbreviations? 1 Is south capitalized when referring to Southern states? NOTE: When terms like western region and southern district are used to name organizational units within a company, capitalize them. The first instance of when "global" should be capitalized is when used as the first word in a sentence. For example: But when the terms are used to indicate a region, they are capitalized for example, the "West Coast". 6 Does the word federal need to be capitalized? Is South capitalized when talking about the Civil War? In some cases, like country and city names, this is clear. For example: The words are also not capitalized if they only indicate locations or the climate or geography of a region. If you think southern California has properties which one ordinarily associates with countries or states, or at least you want to convey that this is so, then you should use the capitalization ordinarily used for names of countries or states. when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. Thus people who live in southern California may prefer to write Southern California. It is also a great option for general business writing. At the most basic level, the standard advice is to lowercase north, south, east and west when used as compass directions and to capitalize them when they are used as part of a proper noun or adjective or refer to regions or geographic areas. The AP Stylebook, which is the guiding stylebook for a number of news organizations, including The Daily Tar Heel, advises against using the Oxford comma in most basic series. For example: I live in The North. We always use a capital letter when we write the days of the week. These are not governed entities, but they are official designations. The Chicago Manual of Style and the MLA Handbook, for instance, say to only capitalize Southern when referring to the American Civil War. , Capitalize the first word of a quoted sentence. Capitalize words that are part of the formal name, but lowercase in less formal uses: he crossed the Hudson River; but: he fell into the river. Currently, Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary capitalizes Midwesterner, Northerner, Southerner, and Westerner, while Websters New World College Dictionary and The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language only capitalize Midwesterner and allow northerner, southerner, and westerner to be capitalized or lowercased.7. Capitalize the first word of every sentence. CMOS recognizes that common usage and context determine conventional approaches to capitalization in connection with the treatment of certain terms related to regions. (1) often capitalized: of or relating to any of various population groups having dark pigmentation of the skin (black Americans) (2) : of or relating to the African-American people or their culture (black literature) (a black college) (black pride) (black studies) From Merriam-Webster Dictionary Part of the definition for white Characteristics. To know what other words you should capitalize, try our free title capitalization tool. For example, we capitalizenorth,south,east, andwest when the terms refer to regions or cultures: Customs in the East differ from those in the West. Drive south for five miles. If as is used as a preposition, it is lowercase; if as is used as an adverb, conjunction or pronoun, it is uppercase. The Department provided an initial list of abbreviations in June 1963, but many had three or four letters, which was still too long. The periods are omitted in headlines. You wouldnt normally unless north and south are part of a proper noun (e.g., South Africa). When possessive pronouns like her, his, my, our, and your are used, do not capitalize them. In the case of prime minister, either both words begin with a capital letter or neither, except, obviously, when it starts a sentence. Other assets have a wide range of liquidity. 4 Is Southern California capitalized AP style? Capitalize these words when they designate regions. seems less related to the usual descriptivist process, more opinion-based. Instead, I have compiled a partial list of things people shouldn't capitalize but commonly do anyway. when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. In this particular sentence, I is capitalized because it is placed at the beginning of the sentence. However, when these words are actually part of the place name, they must be capitalized. To properly follow AP style guidelines, only use one space after a period, as opposed to the often used double-space. TimesMojo is a social question-and-answer website where you can get all the answers to your questions. Guidance to capitalize proper nouns in APA Style. What about capitalizing western or Westerner? Explanation: Because, Pisces is a noun. North, South, East and West as Proper Nouns You should capitalize North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). I have published a variety of other capitalization posts related to time periods, geographic features, people, and product names. 1. 17th ed., U of Chicago P, 2017,www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/book/ed17/part2/ch08/psec047.html. Todays post explains when to capitalize geographic regions in the United States. (Cap or no cap on east and west). Is north capitalized there? Racial and ethnic groups are designated by proper nouns and are capitalized. Is summer a good time? When used as part of a short-form political affiliation, states should also be abbreviated. "The South" is capitalized because it designates a definite region, e.g., "I was born and raised in the South." More answers below If you have a question about whether a specific word should be capitalized that doesn't fit under one of these rules, try checking a dictionary to see if the word is capitalized there. Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday are the days of the week. Everyone knows that Southern blot is written with a capital "S". Except for England, the other three countries have their own parliaments. You don't even want to know what he calls pancakes. Broadly speaking, a region is an area that's divided by: Geographic regions are usually depicted by their not-so-clearly defined, and at times transitory boundaries. As a compass direction, south and southern are not capitalized: Capitalize each term when it is used as a proper name or as part of a proper name, and if the region is widely known: The Civil War pitted the South against the North. Which Teeth Are Normally Considered Anodontia? Colorado is part of the Southwest. In June 1963, the Department provided an initial list of abbreviations, but many had only three or four letters, which were still too long. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Erin Wright with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. The term "region" is a general noun, and it's usually not capitalized, as a result. If a is used, go with prime minister.). To capitalize or not to capitalize "southern" California [duplicate]. Sallie Ward, a Southern belle. Dont capitalize names of directions like north, south, east, and west when used to refer to direction and location, but do capitalize these words when they appear in the names of places and regions. The Chicago Manual of Style. Do you capitalize north? What states in the US are consider southern states? Capitalize north, south, east, west, and derivative words when they designate definite regions or are an integral part of a proper name. As noted in the post, there's no need to capitalize generic directions (only when they're part of a proper noun). For example, NY for New York, use the US Postal Services symbol system. Thus, here are 10 capitalization rules you should know for a well written write-up: Capitalize the first word of every sentence. Each morning, the sun rises in the east . However, widely known designations are capitalized: the Upper East Side, Southern California. However, it is accepted that these are capitalized when discussing the American Civil War, for example, and, as mentioned in this article in the final Summary section, some style guides prefer north and south to always be capitalized when referring generally to these areas of the United States. If you are merely referring to a . 2 Do you capitalize state when referring to a state? But it would be unusual to do this for a less well-known location, such as south Coventry.. If you are merely referring to a direction, such as "go north on I-90," then you should keep north lowercase. For example, most people would capitalize South London because South London is a well-known part of a famous city. These should not be capitalized unless they are the first or last word of the title. Using Kolmogorov complexity to measure difficulty of problems? However, in certain pairings, the common noun appears after a name or proper noun for instance, "the Highlands Region". When we write the days of the week, we always use a capital letter. In short, it says to capitalize northern, southern, eastern, western and related words when they refer to the PEOPLE in a region or what they DO (i.e., their political, cultural or social activities) or are part of the place name. The same rule applies for specific regions when you add -ern onto the end of a direction. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. capitalization. What are some examples of how providers can receive incentives? Here are a few more examples: When the directional terms are not proper names and are affixed to proper nouns simply to denote direction, they are written in lowercase for example, "southern France", "northern New York", etc. When a database has been given a proper name, capitalize that name, but do not italicize it or place it inside quote marks. The word 'southern' shouldn't be capitalized in a sentence unless it is a proper noun. capitalization, maps, writing tips. Why are trials on "Law & Order" in the New York Supreme Court? Capitalize the traditional geographic regions in the United States: the Midwest, the North, the South, the West, and the combined regions (i.e., the Northeast, the Southeast, and the Southwest). At 8.47 ("Popular place names or epithets"), CMOS notes that certain other regions and epithets receive initial caps as well. Capitalizing North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a specific geographical region or culture). Otherwise, not. The same rules apply to capitalizing western as capitalizing west. I often have to write north, west in reference to an entrance or exit, for example, the patron exited through the north turnstile. When to capitalize North East South West? "southern California" is not the same as "Southern California". Meaning of Western world and alternative terms, Specifying geography with cardinal directions, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup, Meaning of " Western world" and alternative terms. However, they should be capitalized only in such contexts; names of compass points in sentences such as "I drove southeast for several hours" or "Have you been to any of the southwestern states?" are not capitalized. Pronouns that refer to any god or gods should be lowercased. Here are a few sentences with the word "region" in them: If part of a title or headline, the word "region" can be capitalized to conform to title capitalization rules. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. The Starved Rock Lodge offers world-famous midwestern hospitality in a scenic environment. When these words are included in the place name, however, they must be capitalized. The main style guides all agree on this, although . If it's a general noun such as a river, lake, ocean, etc., the region need not be capitalized. Have you ever wondered when its okay to capitalize north, east, south, and west? The sentence reads "I turned on north Bolton." Capitalize the traditional geographic regions in the United States: the Midwest, the North, the South, the West, and the combined regions (i.e., the Northeast, the Southeast, and the Southwest). You should read both Western and Eastern philosophy. . My name is Erin. The state postal codes were formalized into two character abbreviations in 1963. In other words, directions can be tricky! is considered basic and should be known by people who claim to have a good command of the language. Unless you are referring to the Four Seasons, there is no reason for seasons to . Why do many companies reject expired SSL certificates as bugs in bug bounties? Should southern be capitalized? With the passage of time, some words originally derived from proper nouns have taken on a life, and authority, of their own and no longer require capitalization. West is directly opposite east. Settlers moved into the West. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Report Content | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. - thanks! southern Atlanta; But capitalize compass points when part of a proper name. The rules are fairly standard for title case: Capitalize the first and the last word. The FHA insures mortgages for buyers with low credit scores and down payments as low as 3.5%. I am a technical writer and editor who shares writing-related software tutorials on this website and on YouTube. When referring to Greek, Roman, and other groups of gods and goddesses, only the name is capitalized. The first letter of someone's first, middle, and last name is always capitalized, as in John William Smith . If youre referring to the Western States, for example, youre referring to a group of proper nouns. Capitalize common nouns such as party, river and street when they are part of a proper name. That means you should lowercase articles, conjunctions, and prepositionshowever, some style guides say to capitalize conjunctions and prepositions that are longer than five letters. When using a U.S. geographic region as an adjective, the decision to capitalize or lowercase will depend on your style guide. Posted by If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as " the Southern States ." However, if instead you reference a general location, such as "the southern winds," then the word southern should be lowercase. The administration's solution: Ease credit for riskier borrowers.

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