stutthof concentration camp guards

Wegerer told the trial that in 1941, a lampshade made of tanned, tattooed human skin was being prepared for Koch and that she arrived at the infirmary to choose among the available tanned, parchment-thin human skins, the ones with suitable tattoos, for the lampshade.. Tens of thousands of people, perhaps as many as 100,000, were deported to the Stutthof camp. [7], Soviet forces liberated Stutthof on 9 May 1945, rescuing about 100 prisoners who had managed to hide.[7]. The Holocaust Encyclopedia estimates that (less officially) some 105 Stutthof subcamps were established throughout northern and central Poland. [1] None of the Stutthof commandants were ever tried in Poland. The womans face became swollen and blue.. He was also tried in juvenile court despite his age, because his crimes were committed when he was a minor. Detainees had to walk the long distance towards Germany as the Nazi Eastern Front crumbled. Between 25th April and 31th May before the Special Law Court at Danzig a trial was held against guards of the Stutthof Concentration Camp The accused were : 1. How does climate change affect El Nino and La Nina cycles? DW sends out a daily selection of hard news and quality feature journalism. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. At the subsequent trial, liberated prisoners said Grese - dubbed the Beautiful Beast - tortured prisoners both physically and emotionally and enjoyed shooting prisoners in cold blood. The former secretary, who lives in a care home and is unnamed, had worked at the Stutthof camp near Danzig, in Nazi-occupied Poland. . HAMBURG, Germany A German court on Thursday found a former Nazi SS camp guard guilty of 5,232 counts of accessory to murder and one case of accessory to attempted murder equal to the number. By the end of the war at least 110,000 were deported there, including Jewish detainees and Soviet prisoners of war. Dave, It is totally illegal, hanging has to be done in a certain way and this was certainly not. [7][18], There was a controversy regarding whether corpses from Stutthof were used in the production of soap made from human corpses at the lab of Professor Rudolf Spanner. Any woman, even without work experience, could become a concentration camp guard. Key and copyright. It was surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fences. Your email address will not be published. The prosecution accuses her of participating in the murder of inmates in the Stutthof concentration camp in present-day Poland, where she worked as a typist and secretary to the camp commander . Journey time by bus is about 80 minutes and costs 14.50z. ch LOTTERIA NAZIONALE E-MAIL PREMIO VOTO 2010 Le stato assegnato la somma di 750.000,00 sterline alla lo. A 95-year-old woman who worked for the commandant of a Nazi concentration camp has been charged in north Germany with aiding . The first female guards arrived in the camps starting in 1942 at Auschwitz and Majdanek from Ravensbruck. Stutthof was the first camp outside German borders, in operation from 2 September 1939, and the last camp liberated by the Allies on 9 May 1945. Among these sites was the Stutthof camp. The commandant of the Stutthof and Neuengamme concentration camps SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was sentenced to death in Germany at about the same time. A practice was established to tattoo the inmates with identification numbers. She was recorded to have been 6ft 3 and known as the "Sadist of Stutthof" due to her merciless beatings of female prisoners. Situated near Sztutowo, a small town about. After being tracked down by Nazi hunter Simon Weisenthal, in 1973, she was retried and jailed for life by a Dusseldorf court. Shortly before the German surrender, some prisoners were transferred to Malmo, Sweden, and released to the care of that neutral country. It has been estimated that over 25,000 prisoners, one in two, died during the evacuation from Stutthof and its subcamps. In total, 23,566 Jews (including 21,817 women) were transferred to Stutthof from Auschwitz, and 25,053 (including 16,123 women) from camps in the Baltic states. Some 65,000 of them died as victims of the Nazis, by starvation, typhoid, lethal injection or gas. In total, of the approximately 2,000 SS men and women who ran the entire camp complex, 72 SS officers and six female overseers were brought to justice. Nicknamed 'Beautiful Spectre', she was infamous for her brutal treatment of the prisoners. Again, hundreds of prisoners were forced into the sea and shot. [4], Stutthof was the first German concentration camp set up outside German borders in World WarII, in operation from 2 September 1939. [2] SS-Rottenfhrer Emil Strehlau was sentenced by the court in Torun (Wloclawek) on April 23, 1948, to death for war crimes. $156.33. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Some 28,000 of those who died were Jews. [7], On 5 May 1945, a barge full of starving prisoners was towed into harbour at Klintholm Havn in Denmark where 351 of the 370 on board were saved. [2][5], The fourth trial was also held before a Polish Special Criminal Court, from November 19, 1947, to November 29, 1947. Several thousand prisoners were directed towards the nearby Baltic coast and hundreds were forced into the sea and shot. Row of Barracks at Stutthof [3] Most of the infrastructure of the concentration camp was either destroyed or dismantled shortly after the war. The Germans forced the surviving prisoners back to Stutthof. "You didn't know if the officers were acting on orders, or if they did it on their breaks," he said. Efraim Zuroff is the Center's "Nazi Hunter-in-Chief." He defended the need to prosecute such crimes more than seventy years after the event, saying "The passage of time in no way . More than 85,000 victims died in the camp out of as many as 110,000 inmates deported there. A two-year suspended sentence in line with that requested by prosecutors was handed down by the Itzehoe state court in northern Germany. [2] Pauly was tried by the British for war crimes with thirteen others in the Curio Haus in Hamburg which was located in the British occupied sector of Germany. Get back into the undergrowth you crawled from, Dave. In early 1945 he survived a "death march" to the west after being freed by the Red Army. Prosecutors say he was a "cog" in Nazi Germany's "murderous machinery." The prisoners were marched in the direction of Lauenburg in eastern Germany. [22] Spanner was unlikely to have "really occupied himself with the production of usable soap from human fat", and that any soap production in his laboratory was likely marginal. It is estimated that around 65,000 people were murdered during the Holocaust in the Stutthof concentration camp, near the Polish city now called Gdansk. Why Are There Superstitions Around Black Cats? 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW Barkmann, Paradies, Becker, Klaff, Steinhoff (left to right) executed Jenny-Wanda Barkmann (c.1922 - July 4, 1946) was a Nazi concentration camp guard. Frankly, a nice sight. Over 65,000 prisoners perished, many of who were Polish Intelligentsia, former politicians, and resistance leaders, as well as 28,000 Jews. It is an obscenity and should be punished, if there are still any of these scum around today, they should be brought to justice. The former nurse took a four-week training course and was sent as an overseer to the Stutthof camp near Danzig.. In total, 21 women who worked in the concentration camps faced the gallows. [41], In 1999, Artur mijewski filmed a group of nude people playing tag in one of the Stutthof gas chambers, sparking outrage.[42][43][44]. They were cut off by advancing Soviet forces. In late April 1945, the remaining prisoners were removed from Stutthof by sea, since Stutthof was completely encircled by Soviet forces. you are right, they should have been soaked in gasoline and torched right before they were hanged. National Socialism is destruction , terror, repression, waste, and death. [2] The accused were arraigned before the court and all found guilty. "I was told by the museum that the Nazis laid explosives around the buildings and set them on a timer to explode after they had evacuated, but the timer malfunctioned. Twelve were sentenced to death, including the commander of the guards Johann Pauls, while the remainder were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. She committed suicide in 1967. A narcissist who had numerous affairs with SS officers, she was said to have deliberately chosen women she considered more beautiful than her. Karl Koch was hanged in 1944, for embezzling millions from wealthy Germans and, in 1950, Ilse was jailed for life in Germany, for war crimes. Stutthof concentration camp Stutthof was a Nazi concentration camp established by Nazi Germany in a secluded, marshy, and wooded area near the small town of Stutthof (now Sztutowo) 34 km (21 mi) east of the city of Danzig in the territory of the Free City of Danzig. In 1962, the former concentration camp with its remaining structures, was turned into a memorial museum. Read more:Nazi guard testifies about Stutthof concentration camp, To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video. Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/theuntoldpastFollow me on Instagram: www.instagram.com/theuntoldpastDisclaimer: All opinions and comment stated below in the Comments section do not represent the opinion of TheUntoldPast. On one occasion, she selected 1,100 of 1,400 prisoners present to be sent to their deaths. An additional trial was attempted in November 2018, when Johann Rehbogen was accused of being an accessory to murder. Although Bruno D. is 93, he is being tried in a juvenile court because he was 17 in August 1944 when he started working as a guard at Stutthof, set up by the Nazis in the territory of the former Free City of Danzig, now known as Gdansk and part of modern Poland. How healthy are India's 1.4 billion people? Bruno Dey, a 93-year-old former SS guard at the Stutthof concentration camp near what is now . Some went on to be involved in administering lethal sterilisation experiments, others helped select victims of the gas chambers, set dogs on young girls and murdered inmates before incinerating their bodies. Yolanda Saldvar, The Obsessed Fan Who Murdered Se, 5 Of The Most Infamous Cults in US History, History and Culture of the Blackfeet Nation, Did Pharaoh Akhenaten lay the foundation for Abrah. The SS in Stutthof began conscripting women from Danzig and the surrounding cities in June 1944, to train as camp guards because of their severe shortage after the women's subcamp of Stutthof called Bromberg-Ost (Konzentrationslager Bromberg-Ost) was set up in the city of Bydgoszcz. (In Czech) In September 1939, the Nazis created the concentration camp of Stutthof (Sztutowo) in a wooded area near the Baltic port of Gdansk. Sadistic Koch - known as the Witch of Buchenwald - was just one of many women who murdered, maimed and tortured Jewish prisoners in the Holocaust. Found guilty by a British Military Tribunal, she was sentenced to death and hanged on December 13 1945, aged 52. In December, a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of being complicit in the murder of over 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp that was located in occupied Poland. This days condemned camp commandant Johann Pauls, five male kapos, and five female guards were the product of the first of four Stutthof trials held in 1946-1947. [7], In 1942 the first German female SS Aufseherinnen guards arrived at Stutthof along with female prisoners. The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by barbed-wire fences. Former Stutthof SS guard Bruno Dey, now 93, is standing trial in Germany, charged as an accessory to the murder of 5,230 Jews from 1944 to 1945. . Shortly before the German surrender, some prisoners were transferred to Malm, Sweden, and released into the care of that neutral country. In 2017, the prosecution of two former Stutthof camp guards from Borken and Wuppertal commenced. 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American survivor Asia Shindelman, who testified via video link, said she had been taken there with her parents, uncle and grandmother and witnessed prisoners being thrown by guards into electrified fences. At the time of her hanging, Barkmann was 25 years old. Often described as one of historys cruellest women, Elizabeth Volkenrath selected thousands of women and children to be sent to the gas chambers. 'Gorilla Glue Girl' Tessica Brown is offered a wig by Beyonce's stylist after hair disaster gets EVEN worse. It was surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fences. Stutthof concentration camps women forced labor death marches. But the Buchenwald Memorial Foundation says two credible witnesses, Austrian prisoner Dr. Gustav Wegerer, who ran the infirmary, and Josef Ackermann, a political prisoner and secretary of the camp doctor, confirmed the existence of the lamp. RIDING through the grounds of Buchenwald concentration camp in Germany, Ilse Koch spotted a tattooed prisoner and pointed him out to a nearby guard - sealing his gruesome fate. A 97-year-old former secretary to the SS commander of Nazi Germany's Stutthof concentration camp has been found guilty of being an accessory to 10,505 murders. Quiz: How well do you know US presidents? Other witnesses said she beat women to death with wooden sticks and shot at women who were too slow when carrying heavy containers of food. Set up immediately upon Germanys September 1, 1939 invasion of Poland and not liberated until after official German capitulation in 1945, Stutthoff handled over 100,000 prisoners during its long service. She also beat her on the face and head with her fists, and when the woman fell to the ground she trampled on her. However, he was tried in a juvenile court due to being about 17 at that time. Between 1933 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its allies established more than 44,000 camps and other incarceration sites (including ghettos). In 1943, the camp was enlarged and a new camp was constructed alongside the earlier one. It was approximately 36 km east of the city of Gdansk, where the Visla river flows into the Baltic Sea. "You did not seek a way out," the judge said. The Stutthof trials were a series of war crime tribunals held in postwar Poland for the prosecution of Stutthof concentration camp staff and officials, responsible for the murder of up to 85,000 prisoners during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany in World War II. TTY: 202.488.0406, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, Nazi Territorial Aggression: The Anschluss, Ministry of Propaganda and Public Enlightenment, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. [37] On 23 July 2020, he was given a two-year suspended sentence by the court in Hamburg. GitHub export from English Wikipedia. The girl was later declared dead by camp doctors. In 1944 she became a guard at the Stutthof Concentration camp. AP . The Executions of Nazi Stutthof camp SS female guards and kapos by former camp prisoners ThePastQuest 96K views 7 months ago Execution of Maria Masha Bruskina by nazi publicly hanging at. Berlin CNN A former secretary from the Stutthof Nazi concentration camp has been charged with complicity in the murders of 10,000 people, German prosecutors said Friday, in what is a rare. Over 4,000 were sent by small boat to Germany, some to the Neuengamme concentration camp near Hamburg, and some to camps along the Baltic coast. An Israeli witness who survived the Nazi death camp at Stutthof has described how SS guards staged sadistic "shows" to torture prisoners. Often low paid workers who took the roles to earn more cash, they were trained at the all-women Ravensbruck camp, in Northern Germany, where they became hardened to the cruel torture of inmates and learned to administer punishments with boots, truncheons, whips and riding crops. [12], The first 150 inmates, imprisoned on 2 September 1939, were selected among Poles and Jews arrested in Danzig immediately after the outbreak of war. There were 3,000 guards at Stutthof concentration camp alone, and only 50 were convicted. [15] It is believed that inmates sent for immediate execution were not registered. Gassing with Zyklon B gas began in June 1944. Many were former waitresses, cooks, and hairdressers who job postings in the newspaper. 2023.02.28. As Soviet forces closed in on Stutthof in late April 1945, the Nazis decided to abandon the camp and sent the remaining inmates on a death march. About 5,000 prisoners from Stutthof subcamps were marched to the Baltic Sea coast, forced into the water, and machine gunned. Of the 55,000 guards who worked in the Third Reichs concentration camps, 3,700 were women, many of who were volunteers. [23][22][29], The main German concentration camp in Stutthof had as many as 40 sub-camps during World War II. "I was first in Stutthof in August '43 for close to a month and then two other [camps] before I returned at the end of 1944 for a second time," he told the BBC. This blog has been around for a while. Another former Nazi camp guard, who is 101-years-old, was sentenced to five years in prison for being an accessory to murder in 3,500 cases at the . Tragiczny los ydowskich winiarek z Baukomando Weichsel, "Ermittlungen gegen frheren KZ-Wachmann aus Wuppertal", "Holocaust trial: Germany tries former SS guard at Stutthof camp", "German court suspends trial of ex-SS death camp guard", "Prozess gegen frheren SS-Wachmann steht vor dem Aus", "Holocaust trial: Former Stutthof guard on trial in Germany", "Former Concentration Camp Guard Convicted in Germany", "Nazi Stutthof camp secretary flees as German trial starts", "Former Nazi camp secretary goes on trial over murders of 11,000 people", "Itzehoe: Ehemalige KZ-Sekretrin vor Prozessbeginn geflohen", "Imrgard Furchner: Nazi typist guilty of complicity in 10,505 murders", "97-year-old former Nazi secretary sentenced for involvement in more than 10,000 murders", Monografia KL Stutthof (KL Stutthof monograph), Execution of concentration camp guards at Biskupia Gorka, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stutthof_trials&oldid=1135657965, This page was last edited on 26 January 2023, at 01:03. Finally, in January 1942, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp. Austrian Maria Mandl was one of the most notorious SS officers at Auschwitz, where she personally sent over 500,000 female prisoners to the gas chamber. [3] The first executions were carried out on 11 January and 22 March 1940 89 Polish activists and government officials were shot. In perhaps the last ever Nazi war crimes trial, Irmgard Furchner attended court in Germany for more than a year as prosecutors outlined their case against her. German Earth and Stone Works (DEST) was an SS-owned company founded on 29 April 1938 for the exploitation of prisoner labor in the concentration camps for the . At Ravensbruck and Majdanek, Braunsteiner whipped women to death and was said to have thrown children by their hair onto trucks that took them to their deaths in gas chambers. Six Polish prisoners, known as kapos, who oversaw forced labor within the camp. She died in 2000. The 99-year-old, who has not been identified, is thought to have worked as a guard at the Ravensbrck concentration camp between 1943 and 1945, authorities said. On this date in 1946, officials of Soviet-occupied Poland publicly hanged eleven convicted war criminals of the Stutthof concentration camp. Stutthof Concentration Camp. [33] In February 2019 the trial of a defendant matching this description (whom Reuters reported could not be named for legal reasons) was halted after a medical report was issued stating that the defendant was unfit to stand trial, the trial already having been suspended since the previous December. The initiative for the foundation of SS companies dealing in building materials from concentration camps originated in 1937 with regional SS officials in Thuringia, especially the state's Interior Minister Hellmuth Gommlich []. Buffalo shooting - 'Gunman' Gregory Ulrich 'held grudge against docs for refusing him painkillers' before killing nurse. The Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court found all of them guilty of the charges. Like many of his fellow inmates, the man would be murdered and stripped of his skin - which would be used to make a lampshade in Kochs home. Mobile gas wagons were also used to complement the maximum capacity of the gas chamber (150 people per execution) when needed. The second trial was held from October 8, 1947, to October 31, 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. She is accused of having assisted those responsible at the camp in the systematic killing of Jewish prisoners, Polish partisans and Soviet Russian prisoners of war between June 1943 and April 1945. After evading capture for a few months, she was recognized and arrested in May 1945. "Our group was marched out of Stutthof on 26 April. Execution of Stutthof concentration camp overseers at Biskupia Grka. More than 6,000 camp guards and personnel were trained there before being sent out to work at other camps. A total of 295 women guards worked as staff in the Stutthof complex of camps. If convicted, he faces a possible six months to 10 years in prison. Manfred Goldberg was 13 when he was sent to Stutthof concentration camp near the coast of the Baltic Sea in August 1943. After the war a number of war crimes trials took place called the Stutthof Trials, and following these there were a number of executions. As a Jewish boy from Germany, the young Goldberg had already been deported to Latvia before being sent to Stutthof for slave labour. [7], In late April 1945, the remaining prisoners were removed from Stutthof by sea, since the camp was completely encircled by Soviet forces. As the wife of Commandant SS Col Karl Koch, Isle Kochs extreme sadism meant she was as feared as any of the Nazi leaders. It was in 1943 that Stutthof's population of detainees was dramatically enlarged, from a capacity of 4,000 to 25,000. Located 22 miles east of Danzig, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp in January 1942. Speaking through an interpreter, Koryski said he had seen SS guards put on sadistic "shows" to torture prisoners, includingoneinstance in which a son was forced to beat his father to death in front of other inmates. Braunstein was sentenced to three years in jail by a British court in 1958 and emigrated to the US, where she married a construction worker. Medycyna na usugach systemu eksterminacji ludnoci w Trzeciej Rzeszy i na terenach okupowanej Polski. The Best Medical History Books Everyone Should Rea, The Lovers of Valdaro A Double Burial From Neolithic Italy. Former Stutthof prisoners volunteered to serve as executioners for the public hanging on July 4, 1946. 13 Amazing Photos of the Construction of the Empir. I PROMISE. The selection process for these guards was lax. Thanks, Max the link is fixed in the entry now as well. These were Johann Pauls, SS-Aufseherins Jenny Wanda Barkmann, Elisabeth Becker, Wanda Klaff, Ewa Paradies, Gerda Steinhoff. Although the guards at Stutthof were already expected to treat the prisoners ruthlessly, Jenny Barkmann stood out for her exceptional cruelty. [33][34] He was charged as a juvenile, as he was under 21 at the time of the offense. Eleven defendants including the former commander, Johann Pauls, were sentenced to death. When Jenny Barkmann arrived in 1944, she quickly proved herself to be a perfect Nazi guard. "We were beaten constantly, the whole time, even while working," Koryski told the Hamburg District Court. The camp in Nazi-occupied Poland was opened on September 2, 1939, one day after the German . We will rise again and we will destroy ALL of you scum who revel in this disgusting obscene filth. The former librarian, from Dresden, was a keen horsewoman who used stolen cash from prisoners to build an indoor riding arena at the Buchenwald camp, which housed 20,000 slave labourers. From left to right: Jenny-Wanda Barkmann, Ewa Paradies, Elisabeth Becker, Wanda Klaff, and Gerda Steinhoff. She was 36. She kicked the prisoners and literally walked over people. Female guards of the Stutthof Concentration Camp at a Gdask war trial held before the Special Law Court between 25th April and 31st May of 1946, Poland. The Stutthof concentration camp was established by Nazi Germany near the village of the same name, now called Sztutowo and located in Poland's Pomeranian Voivodeship, on 2nd September 1939. [14], Stutthof's registered inmates included citizens of 28 countries, and besides Jews and Poles Germans, Czechs, Dutch, Belgians, French, Norwegians, Finns, Danes, Lithuanians, Latvians, Belarusians, Russians, Croats and others. The event drew an immense crowd of approximately 200,000 people, and due to humanitarian concerns, authorities refrained from organizing further public executions. In total, the sub-camps held 110,000 prisoners from 25 countries according to the Jewish Virtual Library. Semkw states that the presence of human fat tissue has been confirmed in the samples of soapy grease (claimed to be "unfinished soap"[23]) from Danzig presented during the trials through analysis performed by the IPN and Gdask University of Technology in 2011[24][25] and 2006,[26][27] respectively, but his and Tomkiewicz research concluded that this was a byproduct stemming from Spanner's work in bone maceration at the institute unrelated to the Stutthof camp. [17] Between 63,000 and 65,000 people died in the camp. Survivors testified that she seemed to derive sexual pleasure from her sadistic acts. In 1943, the Nazis began drafting women because of the shortage of guards. While I was standing, she kicked me in my back, causing me to fall. Getting to Stutthof. Though there is no evidence linking him to a specific killing, prosecutors argue that as a guard he helped the camp function and "supported the insidious and cruel killing of mainly Jewish prisoners.". Several lesser known trials followed against the staff of various concentration camps. That same summer, Irmgard Furchner had begun working in the camp commander's headquarters as a shorthand typist. Bothe was sentenced to 10 years in prison for war crimes. Campo de Concentracion Stutthof, Polonia (Concentration Camp Stutthof, Poland). The Belsen Trial heard that she beat an 18-year-old girl for eating peelings in the kitchen and, when others protested, she told them, "I will beat her to death." Overseeing working parties that left the camp ln slave labour, she would attack women who became too sick or weak. The major subcamps were Thorn and Elbing. In June 2022, a 101-year-old former guard at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp (north of Berlin) was sentenced to five years in prison. Numbers []. Theres more about Stutthofs history at the Holocaust Research Project, and at the current memorial facilitys home page. Who is Buffalo Allina Clinic shooting suspect Gregory Ulrich and who are the victims?

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